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Welcome to Everything About Cars.
Cars own been an obsession for human beings from the time of this conception in the late 19th century.
If cars had a heart, it would no doubt be the gasoline engine.
A controversy in the 21st century, the gasoline engine has nonetheless withstood the test of time and is still being employed today in most modern cars.
Many people, if their budget supplies it, becoming collectors of cars. Throughout the years, thousands of models have made their entrance, had their time of glory, and made such a exit. Collecting vintage cars is a hobby sole available to individuals who can afford it, however, as it is pricey and requires a lot of garage space. The maintenance of cars is absolutely important to any collector; it should be of utmost importance that the cars be shiny, mechanically functional, and predicted to be taken for any whimsical spin deemed necessary.
For many, however, cars are little more than a functional tool of locomotion.
It is understandable then, which the controversy surrounding the gasoline engine has now reached drastic proportions. Cars can be powered by new-age hybrid motors which rely on an electrical back-up system-only using gasoline combustion when absolutely necessary. These motors can windfall cars reduce their emissions of carbon monoxide.
There is a coming years for cars – one that remains stylish yet adapts to the modern world’s needs. There ought to be nothing more luxurious than adapting classic cars to new, hybridized technologies. This is why the future for cars, car collectors, and environment-friendly functionalists is a bright one.
September 10th, 2011
Car price in India from naaptol.com (Indian online store, advertises often in TOI):
Car type, brand Price (in Indian Rupees)
Tara Tiny, Car 99,000
Details or features of Tiny car:
The world’s least expensive car.
Electrical egined based vehicle.
Runs upto 80 to 100km in an 8-hour charging.
Speed limited to 5kmph, thus suited for in-city travel.
Find more details here: http://www.naaptol.com/price/21783-Tara-Tiny.html
Tara Tiny, Car 110,000
Nissan Altra ULC, Car 110,000
Tata Nano Plus, Car 110,000
Tara Titu, Car 130,000
Tata Nano Base, Car 134,000
Maruti Suzuki Cervo, Car 150,000
Tata Nano Cx, Car 160,000
Maruti Suzuki 800 Std – BS III, Car 185,200
Tata Nano Lx, Car 185,375
Maruti Suzuki 800 a/c metallic, Car 190,472
Maruti Suzuki omni Cargo LPG – BS III, Car 197,579
Maruti Suzuki 800 Duo Std LPG, Car 199,642
Nano EV, Car 200,000
Maruti Suzuki maruti 800 LPG -std, Car 201,524
Maruti Suzuki 800 AC – BS III, Car 210,369
Maruti Suzuki Omni LPG 5 seater, Car 214,225
Maruti Suzuki omni 8-Seater – BS III, Car 215,785
Maruti Suzuki omni 5-Seater – BS III, Car 217,160
Maruti Suzuki omni Cargo – BS III, Car 219,593
Maruti Suzuki omni cargo ptrl met, Car 222,122
Tata Nano CVT, Car 225,000
Tata Nano Diesel, Car 225,000
Maruti Suzuki Alto Std – BS III, Car 226,009
Maruti Suzuki 800 AC Uniq, Car 227,895
Maruti Suzuki omni LPG – BS III, Car 227,906
Maruti Suzuki Alto std Met, Car 229,117
Maruti Suzuki Omni Met 5 seater, Car 230,040
Maruti Suzuki Omni Met 8 seater, Car 231,931
Tata Indica V2 Xeta, Car 240,668
Bajaj Small Car, Car 250,000
Maruti Suzuki 800 Duo AC LPG, Car 250,000
Bavina Electro, Car 250,000
Hyundai Small Car-GB, Car 250,000
Tata Nano Hybrid, Car 250,000
Maruti Suzuki omni ambulance-flat roof, Car 251,190
Tata Estate, Car 252,000
Tata Indica V2 DLS Diesel, Car 259,576
Maruti Suzuki Alto LX – BS III, Car 259,943
Maruti Suzuki Alto Lxi met, Car 259,943
Hyundai Santro Xing, Car 265,000
Maruti Suzuki Alto Lx met, Car 272,508
Maruti Suzuki Alto LXi – BS III, Car 273,115
Tata Indica Petrol Xeta 1.2 GLS, Car 284,325
Oreva Super E-Car, Car 290,000
Maruti New Alto, Car 320,000
Tata Indica V2 DLE- diesel, Car 320,832
Chevrolet Spark 1.0 LS, Car 323,748
Maruti Suzuki Wagon-R Lx LPG, Car 323,956
Maruti Suzuki Wagon-R Lx LPG Metallic, Car 327,063
Maruti Suzuki Zen Estilo LX i, Car 327,639
Tata Indicab DLE Diesel, Car 329,462
Chevrolet Spark CNG, Car 330,000
Maruti Suzuki Zen Estilo Lxi met, Car 330,746
Maruti Suzuki Zen Estilo VX i, Car 350,822
Maruti Suzuki Wagon-R Lxi LPG, Car 352,126
Maruti Suzuki Wagon R VXi Minor-06, Car 354,904
Chevrolet Spark 1.0 LT, Car 355,177
Tata Indica Vista Drivetech 4, Car 357,000
Fiat Palio Stile SLX PTRL, Car 380,208
Hyundai i10 era 1.1 IRDE engine – M, Car 380,791
Tata Indigo CS GLS Petrol, Car 382,792
Maruti New Estilo VXi, Car 383,000
Maruti Suzuki Wagon R VXi with ABS Minor-06, Car 383,121
GM-Wuling Sunshine, Car 400,000
Renault Twingo, Car 400,000
Nissan March, Car 400,000
Hyundai i10 Electric, Car 400,000
Fiat New 2011 Uno, Car 400,000
Hindustan Motors Ambassador Classic 1800 ISZ Diesel, Car 432,000
Hindustan Motors Ambassador Classic 1800 ISZ Diesel, Car 432,000
Volkswagen Polo Petrol Trendline, Car 434,000
Mahindra-Renault Logan GLE 1.4, Car 463,200
Hyundai i10 magna AT 1.2 Kappa ENG-M, Car 454,501
Mahindra-Renault Logan GLE 1.4, Car 463,200
Maruti Ritz CNG, Car 475,000
Isuzu D-Max 2WD Cab Std., Car 480,000
Tata Sumo, Car 498,241
Mahindra Bolero PLUS, Car 495,143
Toyota Innova 2.5 EV MS – 7-Seater, Car 751,800
Kia ceed 1 1.4 5dr, Car 755,700
Kia Soul Tempest 1.6 CRDi 5dr, Car 876,600
Jeep Wrangler Unlimited Sport 4X2, Car 1,053,000
Honda civic V MT, Car 1,056,000
Mercury Mariner I4 4X2 2011, Car 1,057,500
GMC Terrain SLE2 FWD, Car 1,167,750
Chrysler Town & Country New LX, Car 1,170,000
Dodge Journey SXT AWD, Car 1,170,000
Renault Laguna, Car 1,400,000
Volkswagen Scirocco, Car 1,400,000
Toyota New Corolla Altis, Car 1,400,000
Hummer H 3, Car 1,600,000
BMW Mini One, Car 1,600,000
Peugeot 3008, Car 1,600,000
Infiniti G37 Coupe xAWD, Car 1,761,750
Jeep Grand Cherokee Limited 4X4, Car 1,773,000
Toyota Fortuner, Car 1,800,000
Volvo V50 T5, Car 1,890,000
Cadillac CTS Coupe Performance RWD, Car 1,890,000
Acura MDX 6-Spd AT, Car 1,890,000
Infiniti G37 Convertible Base, Car 1,995,750
Porsche Cayenne V6 Tiptronic, Car 2,000,000
Nissan X-trail comfort, Car 2,010,000
Lexus IS-F, Car 2,700,000
BMW M3 convertible, Car 3,200,000
Citroen C5, Car 3,200,000
Lexus IS 350, Car 3,200,000
BMW 525 i, Car 3,990,000
Land Rover LRX, Car 4,000,000
Audi A6 2.7 TDI, Car 4,040,000
Mercedes Benz E Class, Car 4,051,850
Dodge Viper SRT10 Coupe, Car 4,095,000
Toyota Land Cruiser Prado VX, Car 4,133,000
BMW X3 2.5 si, Car 4,150,000
Porsche Cayman Base Manual, Car 4,850,000
Porsche 911 Carrera Cabriolet, Car 8,605,000
BMW M6 coupe, Car 12,300,000
Porsche 911 Turbo, Car 12,464,000
Maserati Quattroporte, Car 12,500,000
Brabus T13 Coupe, Car 11,000,000
Alfa Romeo 8C Competizione, Car 11,500,000
Mercedes Benz SLS AMG, Car 12,000,000
BMW M6 coupe, Car 12,300,000
Porsche 911 Turbo, Car 12,464,000
Maserati Quattroporte, Car 12,500,000
Bentley Continental Supersports Coupe, Car 12,015,000
Ferrari 458 Italia, Car 19,500,000
Lamborghini Gallardo LP 560-4, Car 20,000,000
Lamborghini Estoque, Car 20,000,000
Spyker C8 Aileron, Car 20,000,000
Ferrari California, Car 20,000,000
Aston Martin DB9 Volante, Car 20,000,000
Lamborghini Gallardo LP 550-2, Car 20,025,000
Porsche Panamera Turbo, Car 20,558,000
Brabus Rocket, Car 21,000,000
Ferrari F430 Spider, Car 21,000,000
Lamborghini Murcielago, Car 22,000,000
Bentley Continental GTC, Car 22,050,000
Bentley Arnage R, Car 22,500,000
Porsche 911 GT2 RS, Car 23,000,000
Jaguar S- Type, Car 24,000,000
Bentley Arnage RL, Car 25,000,000
Rolls Royce Ghost, Car 25,000,000
Lamborghini Murcielago SV, Car 40,000,000
Rolls Royce Phantom Drophead Coupe, Car 40,000,000
Arash AF-10, Car 45,000,000
Zenvo ST1 , Car 70,000,000
Zenvo ST1 , Car 70,000,000
Brabus SV12 R, Car 70,000,000
Maybach Zeppelin, Car 70,000,000
Lamborghini Reventon Roadster, Car 110,000,000
Bugatti Veyron, Car 136,000,000
Bugatti Veyron Grand Sport, Car 160,000,000
Aston Martin One-77, Car 170,000,000
Bugatti Veyron Super Sport, Car 192,000,000
Oreva Super E-Car, Car 290,000
Bajaj Small Car, Car 250,000
Lincoln Town Car Signature Limited 2011, Car 2,110,500
Lincoln Town Car Signature L 2011, Car 2,362,500
Lincoln Town Car Signature Limited, Car 2,110,500
Lincoln Town Car Signature L, Car 2,362,500
Maybach 57, Car 60,000,000
Audi R8 GT, Car 14,500,000
Chevrolet Sail, Car 600,000
Chevrolet Beat LPG, Car 450,000
Chevrolet Beat Diesel, Car 500,000
Chevrolet New Captiva, Car 2,800,000
Fiat Punto Sport, Car 700,000
Fiat New 2011 Uno, Car 400,000
GM-Wuling Hong Guang, Car 600,000
Hyundai Avante, Car 1,200,000
Land Rover Range Rover Evoque, Car 3,500,000
Land Rover Range Rover Evoque 4WD, Car 4,000,000
Mahindra Mini Xylo Hatch, Car 500,000
New Maruti Swift, Car 500,000
Maruti New Swift Diesel, Car 550,000
Maruti New WagonR CNG, Car 450,000
Maruti New Alto, Car 320,000
Maruti Ritz CNG, Car 475,000
Maruti New Estilo CNG, Car 425,000
Mercedes E250 CDI Classic, Car 4,618,000
Mitsubishi Lancer Evo X, Car 4,800,000
Mitsubishi RVR, Car 1,500,000
Mitsubishi Pajero Sport, Car 2,400,000
Porsche 911 GT2 RS, Car 23,000,000
Renault Duster, Car 800,000
Tata Winger Platinum, Car 790,000
Toyota Innova Special Edition, Car 990,000
Toyota New Corolla Altis, Car 1,400,000
Volkswagen Vento, Car 700,000
Volkswagen Vento Trendline, Car 700,000
Volkswagen Vento Diesel Trendline, Car 800,000
Volkswagen Vento Highline, Car 750,000
Volkswagen Vento Diesel Highline, Car 850,000
Volkswagen New Polo, Car 622,000
Volkswagen New Polo 1.2 Petrol High, Car 622,000
Volkswagen New Polo 1.2 Diesel Trend, Car 582,000
Volkswagen New Polo 1.2 Petrol Trend, Car 474,000
Volkswagen New Polo 1.2 Petrol Comfort, Car 533,000
Volkswagen 1.2 diesel Highline, Car 639,000
Volkswagen 1.2 diesel Comfortline, Car 549,000
Volkswagen 1.6 petrol Highline, Car 604,000
Mitsubishi Outlander, Car 2,316,000
Volkswagen phaeton, Car 7,629,128
Tata Sumo Grande MK II CX, Car 750,000
Tata Sumo Grande MK II LX, Car 780,000
Tata Sumo Grande MK II EX, Car 820,000
Tata Sumo Grande MK II GX , Car 890,000
Renault Megane, Car 1,200,000
Car price in India from ebay.in (eBay India) (mostly used cars):
Car type, brand, old number Price (in Indian Rupees)
Maruti Suzuki | SX4 | ZXi 2008 in Mumbai, Kms:37,333, Previous owner:1, MH 03 AM 8027 600,000
Maruti Suzuki | Swift | VDi 2007 in Mumbai, Kms:36,358, Previous owner:1, MH-12-DY-7389 445,000
Hyundai | Accent | GLS 1999 in Mumbai, Previous Owner:2, Kms: 1,16,340, Reg No:MH 04 Y 145,000
Tata | Indica V2 | DLG 2005 in Mumbai, Kms:70,469, Previous owner:1, MH 04 CJ 200,000
Honda | City | 1.5 SMT 2009 in Mumbai, Kms:11,327, Prev Owners:1 , Reg No: MH 04 DY 7780 830,000
Hyundai | Santro Xing | XL 2006 in Mumbai, Previous Owner:1, Kms:38,000, Reg No: MH 03 AF 2403 235,000
Toyota | Corolla | H4 AT 2003 in Mumbai, Kms:58,000, Previous owner: 1, MH 02 NA 9533390,000
Chevrolet | Tavera | LT 2.5 2006 in Mumbai, Kms:62,262,Previous owner:1,MH 01 VA 3593525,000
Maruti Suzuki | Alto | LXi 2007 in Mumbai, Kms:38,000, Previous owner:1, MH 43 R 2375 210,000
Chevrolet | Spark | LS 2007 in Mumbai, Kms:45,000, Previous owner:1, MH 06 AN 249 275,000
Tata | Indigo | LS 2005 in Mumbai, Kms:55,000, Previous owner:1, MH 03 Z 4879 225,000
Honda | City ZX | GXi 2007 in Mumbai, Kms:43,000, Prev Owners:1 , Reg No: MH 06 AF 9372 560,000
Maruti Suzuki | Alto | LXi 2008 in Mumbai, Kms:55,000, Previous owner:1, MH 05 AJ 2670 240,000
Toyota | Innova | G4 2009 in Mumbai, Previous Owner: 1, Kms: 50,000, MH 21 V 2300 980,000
Toyota | Innova | V 2009 in Mumbai, Previous Owner: 1, Kms: 25,000, MH 43 X 3697 1,150,000
Mahindra | Scorpio | VLX MHawk 2008 in Mumbai, Kms:35,000, Previous owner:1, MH 04 DR 8081 825,000
Hyundai | Santro | Zip Plus 2002 in Mumbai, Kms:75,000, Previous owner:2, MH 03 S 2321 150,000
Honda | City ZX | EXi 2006 in Mumbai, Kms:45,500, Previous owner:2, MH 04 CM 4181 475,000
Maruti Suzuki | Versa | DX2 2006 in Mumbai, Kms: 42,000, Prev Owner:1 ,Reg no.:MH 03 Z 4507 275,000
Maruti Suzuki | Swift | VXi 2007 in Mumbai, Kms:31,425, Previous owner:1, MH 02 AV 1602 375,000
Hyundai | Santro Xing | XP 2005 in Mumbai, Previous Owner:2, Kms:50,435, Reg No: MH 06 AB 2417 235,000
Honda | City ZX | GXi 2006 in Mumbai, Kms:39,482, Previous owner:1, MH 05 AB 5418 505,000
Tata | Indica V2 | DLS 2007 in Mumbai, Kms:33,995, Previous owner:1, MH 04 DJ 453 210,000
Tata | Indica V2 Xeta | GLS 2007 in Mumbai, Kms:35,030, Previous owner:1, MH 02 AY 135,000
Tata | Indigo | XL Grand 2007 in Mumbai, Kms:58,954, Previous owner:1, MH 02 JP 350,000
Ford | Ikon | 1.3 Flair 2004 in Mumbai, Previous Owner:1, Kms: 40,924, Reg No: DL 3 AJ 175,000
Tata | Indica V2 | DLG 2006 in Mumbai, Kms:40,989, Previous owner:1, MH 04 CT 175,000
Hyundai | Accent | Viva 2003 in Mumbai, Previous Owner:3, Kms: 72,056, Reg No:MH 03 S 160,000
Maruti Suzuki | Esteem | VX 2002 in Mumbai, Previous Owner:2, Kms: 78,647, Reg No: MH 06 T 171,000
Mercedes Benz| C Class | C 200 1996 in Mumbai, Kms:52,554, Prev Owners: 2, Reg No: MH 01 S 8986 300,000
Mercedes Benz| E Class | E 220 CDI 2003 in Mumbai, Kms:32,595, Prev Owners:Single, Reg No: MH 06 W 973 1,650,000
Mercedes Benz| C Class | C200K 2005 in Mumbai, Previous Owner:2, Kms: 60,979, Reg No: MH 43 L 9099 1,375,000
Hyundai | Sonata | GLS 2001 in Mumbai, Previous Owner:1, Kms: 56,874, Reg No:MH 02 LA 8016 299,000
Hyundai | Accent | GVS 2003 in Mumbai, Previous Owner:1, Kms: 91,370, Reg No:MH 06 T 7532 210,000
Maruti Suzuki | Swift | ZXi 2006 in Mumbai, Previous Owner:1, Kms: 34,552, Reg No: MH 02 AQ 6690 365,000
Maruti Suzuki | SX4 | VXi 2007 in Mumbai, Kms:25,401, Previous owner:1, Reg No.: MH 04 DW 8079 550,000
Maruti Suzuki | Zen | VXi 2006 in Mumbai, Previous Owner:1, Kms: 72,944, Reg No: MH 04 CT 1006 220,000
Maruti Suzuki | WagonR Duo | LXi 2008 in Mumbai, Previous Owner:2, Kms: 18,669, MH 13 AC. 235,000
Chevrolet | Optra | LS 1.8 2004 in Mumbai, Kms:71,614, Previous owner:3, MH 01 NA 275,000
Maruti Suzuki | 800 | DX 1999 in Mumbai, Kms:77,978, Previous owner:1, GJ 1 BA 45,000
Hyundai | Accent | GLS 2001 in Mumbai, Previous Owner:2, Kms: 68,747, Reg No:MH 04 BD 90,000
Maruti Suzuki | WagonR | LXi 2007 in Mumbai, Kms:48,994, Previous owner:1, MH 02 AY 8247 285,000
Maruti Suzuki | Baleno | LXi 2006 in Mumbai, Previous Owner:1, Kms: 59,079, Reg No: MH 02 AQ 3588 275,000
Maruti Suzuki | Zen | VXi 2005 in Mumbai, Previous Owner:1, Kms: 35,052, Reg No: MH 02 AL 3904 225,000
Maruti Suzuki | Swift | VDi 2008 in Mumbai, Kms:58,213 Previous owner:1, MH 03 AM 7670 485,000
Maruti Suzuki | Alto | LXi 2009 in Mumbai, Kms:18,931, Previous owner:1, MH 02 BJ 7135 270,000
Ford | Ikon | 1.3 ZXi 2003 in Mumbai, Previous Owner:1, Kms: 53,097, Reg No: MH 01 GA 8327 155,000
Automatic santro zing 45000kms oly excellent condition 225,000
2002 skoda octavia 1.9 disel vip no 4444 1st owner 375,000
Fiat Linea 1.3 Multi Jet, Emotion Pack,Metalic Black. 700,000
Tata | Indigo | GLx 2004 in Mumbai, Kms:71,737, Previous owner:1, MH 01 MA 6707 175,000
Honda | City | GXi 2005 in Mumbai, Kms:42,255, Previous owner:1, MH 01 PA 2532 425,000
Honda | City ZX | GXi 2007 in Mumbai, Kms:27,840, Prev Owners:1 , Reg No: MH 02 AY 8611 545,000
Hyundai | Accent | GLS 2001 in Mumbai, Previous Owner:2, Kms: 62,254, Reg No:MH 04 AW 8229 170,000
Chevrolet | Captiva | LT 2008 in Mumbai, Kms:29,141, Previous owner:1, MH 04 DN 7678 1,585,000
Skoda | Laura | 1.9 TDi 2007 in Mumbai, Kms:27,235, Previous owner:1, MH 06 AL 252 975,000
Volkswagen | Jetta | 1.9 TDi 2008 in Mumbai, Kms:12,846, Prev Owners:Single, Reg No: MH 06 AT 5005 1,335,000
Skoda | Octavia Rider | 1.9 TDi 2006 in Mumbai, Kms:52,427, Previous owner: 1, MH 06 AB 7222 495,000
Honda | City | S AT 2008 in Mumbai, Kms:26,700, Prev Owners:1 , Reg No: MH 04 DW 119 845,000
Chevrolet | Optra | LS 1.6 2007 in Mumbai, Kms:47,965, Previous owner:1, MH 04 CT 9380375,000
Ford | Fiesta | 1.4 EXi 2006 in Mumbai, Kms:15,360, Prev Owners:Single, Reg No: MH 04 CM 4396 335,000
Maruti Suzuki | Baleno | LXi 2006 in Mumbai, Previous Owner:1, Kms: 44,394, Reg No: MH 01 YA 1435 265,000
Hyundai | Accent | GVS 2004 in Mumbai, Previous Owner:1, Kms: 55,760, Reg No:MH 01 MA 9049 245,000
Toyota | Corolla | H2 MT 2004 in Mumbai, Kms:55,621, Previous owner: 1, MH 01 MA 6260 445,000
Volkswagen | Passat | 2.0 TDi 2008 in Mumbai, Kms:13,391 ,Prev Owners:1, Reg No: MH 01 AE 6664 1,765,000
Maruti Suzuki | Alto | LXi 2008 in Mumbai, Kms:21,000, Previous owner:1, MH 01 AE 4553 240,000
Car related accessories and prices:
High power car vacuum cleaner portable 449
Car Bike Electric Air Compressor Pump Tyre Inflator COD, High Quality + Warranty 100% Satisfaction FREE Shipping 1,391
Pioneer avh-p4250 dvd car stereo avh p 4250 + warranty 28,500
Skil 7″ car polisher,1300w +2 handles+velcro pad+sponge, perfect high end polish of your car,bike do it yourself 5,499
Jopasu Gift Pack, Four Top Class Products 1,121
12volt air compressor for car bike tyre inflator, 100% best quality, + 90 days warranty 444
Car tft lcd screen 9″(roof mount) 4,150
Car fm modulator transmitter mp3 sd/usb +remote control 189
Fix it pro car scratch remover as seen on tv- set of 5, 100% original, super quality 800
High pressure car washer,bosch aquatak 100+ accessories, 35% off+gift+emi!,perfect garage like clean diy at home 8,977
Car polisher make your car look new as before1,759
Car fm modulator/ fm transmitter with, usb, sd card slot, remote control, 206 fm channel 225
Diesel Injector Nozzle Tester New, A Fine Heavy Duty Tool for Testing Injector Nozzle RST 4,999
Best Diwali Gift – Premium Aviator Sunglasses 750
Car fm modulator/ fm transmitter with, usb, sd card slot, remote control, 206 fm channel 225
Car & Bike Auto Tubeless Tyre Puncture Kit, Shipped within 10 hrs of your purchase 100% high qualit 187
Original -Fix It Pro Car Scratch Remover As Seen On Tv, 100% original, Super quality 178
12V Electric Air Compressor Pump Car Bike Tyre Inflator, 100% Best quality, No Compromise on Quality + waranty 589
12v Heated Aluminium Travel Mug Best Quality Assured Go 999
Car look new as before, car polisher make your old car look new 2,199
DC TO AC Convertor Car UPS Charge Mobile, Laptop, DV 1,590
Aluminium Travel Mug Quality Assured 12v Heated 799
Car Neck Air Pillow WholeSale Rs 279/- 279
Dc to ac 150w car dc 12v to ac 220v power inverter / in 1,590
2Gb Mini Video Recorder With Car Mounting Stand: 5,400
Run cfl light any 220 volts light in ur car battery 12 1,799
Glass Mover Cup Car Van Remover New Dent Puller Suction 1,015
Glue gun with pack of 10 glue sticks for glue gun 499
For Car Traveller—Buy it Now—-Pillow cum Cushion 189
90 cm under car Flexible 45 LED Light Strips BLUE 12 V 549
Vehicle Car Boat Navigation Compass Universe Ball 549
Car set bosch 153 pc heavy screwdriver drill machine 5,999
Buckwheat Hull Neck Pillow Auto Comfort Comfort Air Pil 298
Massager car seat massager give relexe in long travello 1,899
Royal enfield old model wheels with s.s. rims 4,800
Bike Gloves for men at cheapest price 195
Solar Powered Self-Recharge Bicycle Safety Tail Light 499
Auto Car Drill Machine Toolkit Advance Product Original 2,599
Auto Flaring Flaring Tool Kit Flare Professional Use 3,999
Auto Flaring Flaring Tool Kit Flare Professional Use 3,999
Auto glue gun with pack of 10 glue sticks for glue gun 499
Mobile airmaster Tire/Tyre Pressure Gauge with Case 340
Clear Prescription Rx Sports Driving Safety Sunglasses, First Time In India – ANSI Z87.1 Certified 720
12v electric air compressor pump car bike tyre inflator, get item free of cost diwali offer 475
Dupont teflon car wax..direct from usa, original usa du pont product 1,800
Lot of care must be taken before buying the car. Check for all features of the car you are looking for if they are suitable for your driving style and needs before deciding to buy.
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September 9th, 2011
Tags:
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Maruti car prices in India from naaptol.com (Indian online store, advertises often in TOI):
Maruti car model Price (in Indian Rupees)
Maruti Suzuki Cervo, Car 150,000
Maruti Suzuki 800 Std – BS III, Car 185,200
Maruti Suzuki 800 a/c metallic, Car 190,472
Maruti Suzuki omni Cargo LPG – BS III, Car 197,579
Maruti Suzuki 800 Duo Std LPG, Car 199,642
Maruti Suzuki maruti 800 LPG -std, Car 201,524
Maruti Suzuki 800 AC – BS III, Car 210,369
Maruti Suzuki Omni LPG 5 seater, Car 214,225
Maruti Suzuki omni 8-Seater – BS III, Car 215,785
Maruti Suzuki omni 5-Seater – BS III, Car 217,160
Maruti Suzuki omni Cargo – BS III, Car 219,593
Maruti Suzuki omni cargo ptrl met, Car 222,122
Maruti Suzuki Alto Std – BS III, Car 226,009
Maruti Suzuki 800 AC Uniq, Car 227,895
Maruti Suzuki omni LPG – BS III, Car 227,906
Maruti Suzuki Alto std Met, Car 229,117
Maruti Suzuki Omni Met 5 seater, Car 230,040
Maruti Suzuki Omni Met 8 seater, Car 231,931
Maruti Suzuki 800 Duo AC LPG, Car 250,000
Maruti Suzuki omni ambulance-flat roof, Car 251,190
Maruti Suzuki Alto LX – BS III, Car 259,943
Maruti Suzuki Alto Lxi met, Car 259,943
Maruti Suzuki Alto Lx met, Car 272,508
Maruti Suzuki Alto LXi – BS III, Car 273,115
Maruti Suzuki Alto Flash, Car 295,000
Maruti Suzuki Zen Estilo LX, Car 298,756
Maruti Suzuki Eeco, Car 300,000
Alto K10 Lxi, Car 303,000
Maruti Suzuki Wagon R LX Minor-06, Car 310,525
Maruti Suzuki Wagon-R Lx Met, Car 310,525
Alto K10 Vxi, Car 316,000
Maruti Suzuki Zen Estilo Lx met, Car 316,404
Maruti New Alto, Car 320,000
Maruti Suzuki Wagon-R Lx LPG, Car 323,956
Maruti Suzuki Wagon-R Lx LPG Metallic, Car 327,063
Maruti Suzuki Zen Estilo LX i, Car 327,639
Maruti Suzuki Zen Estilo Lxi met, Car 330,746
Maruti Suzuki A star Lxi, Car 332,750
Maruti Suzuki A star Lxi Met, Car 335,857
Maruti Suzuki Wagon R LXi Minor-06, Car 335,951
Maruti Suzuki Wagon-R Lxi Met, Car 335,952
Maruti Suzuki Splash 1.0, Car 350,000
Maruti Suzuki Zen Estilo Ltd Sports, Car 350,345
Maruti Suzuki Zen Estilo VX i, Car 350,822
Maruti Suzuki Wagon-R Lxi LPG, Car 352,126
Maruti Suzuki Zen Estilo Ltd Sports Met, Car 353,453
Maruti Suzuki Zen Estilo Vxi met, Car 353,930
Maruti Suzuki Wagon R VXi Minor-06, Car 354,904
Maruti Suzuki Wagon R Duo LX, Car 355,000
Maruti Suzuki Wagon-R Lxi LPG Metallic, Car 355,233
Maruti Suzuki Wagon-R Vxi Met, Car 358,011
Maruti Suzuki A Star VXi, Car359,410
Maruti Suzuki Versa Std 5-Seater – BS III, Car 369,425
Maruti Suzuki Versa Std Met, Car 372,884
Maruti Suzuki Zen Estilo VX I ABS, Car 377,389
Maruti Suzuki Splash 1.2, Car 380,000
Maruti Suzuki Zen Estilo Vxi-AVS/ ABS Met, Car 380,497
Maruti Suzuki A star Vxi Met, Car 382,517
Maruti New Estilo VXi, Car 383,000
Maruti Suzuki Wagon R VXi with ABS Minor-06, Car 383,121
Maruti Suzuki Wagon R Duo LXi, Car 385,000
Maruti Suzuki Wagon-R Vxi Met ABS, Car 385,228
Maruti Suzuki A Star Zxi, Car 394,987
Maruti Suzuki Swift LXi, Car 397,529
Maruti Suzuki A star Zxi Met, Car 398,095
Maruti Suzuki APV, Car 400,000
Maruti Suzuki New Wagon R, Car 400,000
Maruti Suzuki Wagon R AX Minor-06, Car 423,327
Maruti New Estilo CNG, Car 425,000
Maruti Suzuki Wagon R Ax Met, Car 426,435
Maruti Suzuki Swift VXi, Car 427,186
Maruti Suzuki Ritz Lxi, Car 430,000
Maruti Suzuki Versa DX – BS III, Car 439,177
Maruti Suzuki Versa DX 8 Str , Car 439,177
Maruti Suzuki Versa Dx 8 str Met, Car 442,636
Maruti Suzuki Swift VXi (ABS), Car 446,219
Maruti Suzuki Splash diesel, Car 450,000
Maruti New WagonR CNG, Car 450,000
Maruti Suzuki Swift Dzire LXi, Car 453,163
Maruti Suzuki Swift LDi (Diesel), Car 455,464
Maruti Suzuki Ritz Vxi, Car 470,000
Maruti Ritz CNG, Car 475,000
Maruti Suzuki Versa Dx2 – 8str, Car 475,516
Maruti Suzuki Versa Dx2 – 5 str Met, Car 478,975
Maruti Suzuki Versa Dx2 – 8str Met, Car 478,975
Maruti Suzuki Swift VDi (Diesel), Car 488,373
Maruti Suzuki Swift VDi ABS (Diesel), Car 488,373
Maruti Suzuki Swift Dzire VXi, Car 497,023
Maruti Suzuki Versa DX2 – BS III, Car 498,473
Maruti Suzuki Gypsy King ST – BS III, Car 498,796
New Maruti Swift, Car 500,000
Maruti Suzuki Gypsy SoftTop Met, Car 501,516
Maruti Suzuki Swift ZXi, Car 507,103
Maruti Suzuki Ritz VDi, Car 512,859
Maruti Suzuki Ritz Ldi, Car 515,844
Maruti Suzuki Gypsy King HT – BS III, Car 517,320
Maruti Suzuki Gypsy Hard Top Met, Car 520,043
Maruti Suzuki Ritz Zxi, Car 534,000
Maruti Suzuki Swift Dzire LDi, Car 535,211
Maruti New Swift Diesel, Car 550,000
Maruti Suzuki Swift Dzire VDi, Car 577,246
Maruti Suzuki Swift Dzire ZXi, Car 583,718
Maruti Suzuki SX4 Vxi, Car 641,135
Maruti Suzuki Swift Dzire ZDi, Car 654,842
Maruti Suzuki RIII Concept, Car 700,000
Maruti Suzuki SX4 Hatch, Car 700,000
Maruti Suzuki SX4 ZXi, Car 705,861
Maruti Suzuki SX4 ZXi (Leather Option), Car 737,768
Maruti Suzuki SX4 Diesel, Car 750,000
Maruti Suzuki Jimny, Car 900,000
Maruti Suzuki Kizashi, Car 1,200,000
Maruti Suzuki Grand Vitara 2.0 MT, Car 1,405,000
Maruti Suzuki Grand Vitara DDiS, Car 1,450,000
Maruti Suzuki Grand Vitara 2.0 AT, Car 1,505,000
Maruti Suzuki Grand Vitara 2.4, Car 1,692,000
Maruti Suzuki XL7, Car 1,700,000
Maruti car prices from ebay.in (eBay India) (used or new):
Maruti car model, new or old number Price (in Indian Rupees)
Maruti Suzuki | Swift | LDi 2008 in Mumbai, Kms:42,273, Previous owner:1, Reg. No: MH 04 DR 0700. 485,000
A personal car- maruti 800 35,000
Maruti Suzuki | Baleno | LXi 2006 in Mumbai, Previous Owner:1, Kms: 44,394, Reg No: MH 01 YA 1435 265,000
Maruti Suzuki | Alto | LXi 2007 in Mumbai, Kms:38,000, Previous owner:1, MH 43 R 2375 210,000
Maruti Suzuki | Alto | LXi 2008 in Mumbai, Kms:55,000, Previous owner:1, MH 05 AJ 2670 240,000
Maruti Suzuki | Zen | LX 2000 in Mumbai, Previous Owner:2, Kms:68,859, Reg No: MH 04 AX 6065. 125,000
Maruti Suzuki | Zen | LXi 2003 in Mumbai, Previous Owner:2, Kms: 65,263, Reg No: MH 04 BN 9504. 185,000
Maruti Suzuki | Versa | DX2 2001 in Mumbai, Kms: 37,156, Prev Owner:4 ,Reg no.:MH 02 LA 4812 140,000
Maruti Suzuki | Esteem | LX 2005 in Mumbai., Previous Owner:1, Kms:68,000, Reg No: MH 06 AB 2868 175,000
Maruti Suzuki | Esteem | LXi 2005 in Mumbai., Previous Owner:1, Kms:36,311, Reg No: MH 02 AK 6738. 235,000
Maruti Suzuki | SX4 | VXi 2008 in Mumbai, Kms:39,284, Previous owner:1, Reg. No: MH 04 DN 1431 475,000
Maruti Suzuki | Swift | ZXi 2008 in Mumbai, Previous Owner:1, Kms: 38,987, Reg No: MH 04 DN 4700. 485,000
Maruti Suzuki | Swift | VXi 2007 in Mumbai, Kms:33,335, Previous owner:1, MH 01 AC 1981 395,000
Maruti Suzuki | SX4 | ZXi 2008 in Mumbai, Kms:42,341, Previous owner:1, MH 04 DL 7979525,000
Maruti Suzuki | Alto | LXi 2008 in Mumbai, Kms:35,301, Previous owner:1, MH 04 DR 242 285,000
Maruti Suzuki | Zen | LXi 2005 in Mumbai, Previous Owner:1, Kms: 41,316, Reg No: MH 04 CJ 3187 265,000
Maruti Suzuki | Swift | ZXi 2006 in Mumbai, Previous Owner:1, Kms: 32,251, Reg No: MH 02 AU 5659. 365,000
Maruti Suzuki | Swift | LXi 2006 in Mumbai, Previous Owner:1, Kms: 28,050, Reg No:MH 04 CT 4390. 295,000
Maruti Suzuki | WagonR | AX 2003 in Mumbai, Kms: 47,036, Previous owner: 1, Reg No: MH 02 NA 6744. 190,000
Maruti Suzuki | Alto | STD 2004 in Mumbai., Previous Owner:1, Kms:79,723, Reg No: MH 01 MA 8538 135,000
Maruti Suzuki | Alto | LX 2001 in Mumbai., Previous Owner:5, Kms:64,720, Reg No: MH 04 AY 4457 75,000
Maruti Suzuki | Esteem | LX 1998 in Mumbai., Previous Owner:3, Kms:62,443, Reg No: MH 02 Y 2796 50,000
Maruti Suzuki | Baleno | VXI 2005 in Mumbai., Previous Owner:1, Kms:121,826, Reg No: MH 02 AP 6357 175,000
Maruti Suzuki | WagonR | LXi Duo 2007 in Mumbai, Kms:65,162, Prev Owner:1, Reg No:MH 02 BD 7321 285,000
Maruti Suzuki | WagonR | LXi 2005 in Mumbai, Kms: 49,518, Prev Owner:1, Reg No: MH 04 CJ 9076 245,000
Maruti Suzuki | 800 | AC 2006 in Mumbai, Kms:24,021, Previous owner:1, MH 02 AQ 5257 156,000
Maruti Suzuki | 800 |AC 2006 in Mumbai, Kms: 43,000, Previous owner:1, MH 04 CM 7910 152,000
Maruti Suzuki | 800 | AC 2003 in Mumbai, Kms:51,127, Previous owner:1, MH 04 BS 6217 114,000
Maruti Suzuki | 800 | DUO 2008 in mumbai, Kms: 37,879, Previous owner:1, MH 01 AH 1810 190,000
Maruti Suzuki | WagonR | LXi 2007 in Mumbai, Kms:26,375, Previous owner:1, Reg No: MH 02 JP 0086 295,000
Maruti Suzuki | Esteem | LX 1999 in Mumbai., Previous Owner:1, Kms:52,906, Reg No: MH 04 AS 5613 65,000
Maruti Suzuki | Esteem | VX 2000 in Mumbai., Previous Owner:3, Kms:41,625, Reg No: MH 04 AW 5185 70,000
Maruti Suzuki | Esteem | VX 2002 in Mumbai., Previous Owner:3, Kms:59,788, Reg No: MH 04 BH 7578 100,000
Maruti Suzuki | SX4 | ZXi 2008 in Mumbai, Previous Owner:1, Kms:49,463, Reg No: MH 15 BX 7540 700,000
Maruti Suzuki | Swift | VDi 2007 in Mumbai, Kms:36,358, Previous owner:1, MH-12-DY-7389 445,000
Maruti Suzuki | Swift | ZXi 2006 in Mumbai, Previous Owner:1, Kms: 34,552, Reg No: MH 02 AQ 6690 365,000
Maruti Suzuki | SX4 | VXi 2007 in Mumbai, Kms:25,401, Previous owner:1, Reg No.: MH 04 DW 8079 550,000
Maruti Suzuki | Zen | VXi 2006 in Mumbai, Previous Owner:1, Kms: 72,944, Reg No: MH 04 CT 1006 220,000
Maruti Suzuki | Baleno | LXi 2006 in Mumbai, Previous Owner:1, Kms: 59,079, Reg No: MH 02 AQ 3588 275,000
Maruti Suzuki | Swift | VDi 2008 in Mumbai, Kms:58,213 Previous owner:1, MH 03 AM 7670 485,000
Maruti Suzuki | Alto | LXi 2009 in Mumbai, Kms:18,931, Previous owner:1, MH 02 BJ 7135 270,000
Maruti Suzuki | Swift Dzire | VXi 2008 in Mumbai, Previous Owner:1, Kms:52,009, Reg No: MH 24 C 8454 470,000
Maruti Suzuki | Esteem | LX 2001 in Mumbai, Previous Owner:2, Kms:60,000, Reg No: MH 02 LA 1044 80,000
Maruti Suzuki | Baleno | LXi 2006 in Mumbai, Previous Owner:1, Kms:64,339, Reg No: MH 43 N 4360 265,000
Maruti Suzuki | Alto | LXi 2005 in Mumbai, Kms: 35,677, Previous owner:1, MH 01 PA 1804. 195,000
Maruti Suzuki | Zen | LXi 2004 in Mumbai, Previous Owner:1, Kms:24,000, Reg No: MH 02 PA 6427 210,000
Maruti Suzuki | Swift | LXi 2007 in Mumbai, Previous Owner:1, Kms: 20,259 , Reg No:MH 02 BD 9032 350,000
Maruti Suzuki | Swift | VXi 2006 in Mumbai, Kms: 30,275, Previous owner:1, MH 02 AQ 6019 330,000
Maruti Suzuki | WagonR | LXi 2006 in Mumbai, Previous Owner:1, Kms: 45,237. 210,000
Maruti Suzuki | Swift | ZXi 2006 in Delhi, Previous Owner:1, Kms: 48,666, Reg No: HR 26 AC 8549 399,000
Maruti Suzuki | WagonR | Primea 2006 in Mumbai, Previous Owner:2, Kms: 34,788, MH 04 CM 2231. 250,000
Maruti Suzuki | Swift | VXi 2006 in Mumbai, Kms: 63,365, Previous owner:1, MH 02 AQ 1196 305,000
Maruti Suzuki | Zen | LX 2002 in Mumbai., Previous Owner:1, Kms:42982, Reg No: MH 02 LA 7814 105,000
Maruti Suzuki | Zen | VX 1999 in Mumbai, Previous Owner:1, Kms: 62,455 , Reg No: MH 02 JA 813. 80,000
Maruti Suzuki | WagonR | LXI | 2005, Previous Owner:1, Kms: 26664, MH 02 AL 46 190,000
Maruti Suzuki | Zen | VXI 2003 in Mumbai., Previous Owner:2, Kms:59689, Reg No: MH 01 MA 1752 130,000
Maruti Suzuki | Alto | LX 2006 in Mumbai., Previous Owner:1, Kms: 1,08,285, Reg No: MH 04 CM 4735 160,000
Maruti Suzuki | WagonR | LXi 2007 in Mumbai, Kms:40,229, Previous owner:1, Reg No: MH 04 DB 1270 295,000
Maruti Suzuki | Zen | VXI 2001 in Mumbai., Previous Owner:2, Kms:40004, Reg No: MH 01 DA 4835 120,000
Maruti Suzuki | Baleno | VXI 2006 in Mumbai, Previous Owner:1, Kms:85283, Reg No: MH 04 CT 1445 200,000
Maruti Suzuki | Esteem | VXI 2006 in Mumbai., Previous Owner:2, Kms:22,245, Reg No: MH 04 CT 5334 200,000
Maruti Suzuki | WagonR | VXI | 2003, Previous Owner:1, Kms: 81,620, MH 01 GA 7798 150,000
Maruti Suzuki | Zen | VXi 2005 in Mumbai, Previous Owner:1, Kms: 74,654 , Reg No: MH 02 AK 7758. 175,000
Maruti Suzuki | Zen | LXi 2002 in Mumbai., Previous Owner:2, Kms: 73,078, Reg No: MH 04 BH 8253 125,000
Maruti Suzuki | Baleno | LXi 2006 in Mumbai, Previous Owner:1, Kms:73,667 Reg No: MH 43 N 9641 195,000
Good Condition Maruti Suzuki Zen, 60,000
MARUTI SWIFT Angel-Eyes Projector HeadLight+Tail lights 23,999
Grey Maruti 800 MH04 Single Owner 2003 AC&Music 24000km 90,000
For SALE – Maruti ZEN Car, Neat & Clean 135,000
Maruti zen 2006 model 56,000 kms running 168,000
Car body covers silver wagon r/alto/xing/maruti car etc 629
If you are buying a vehicle for the first time it is better to go to showrooms to check out and also check with any friends who can give you good suggestions for choosing a right vehicle for you. Prices or offers vary from time to time.
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September 7th, 2011
Tags:
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Used
INTRODUCTION
Car racing is one of the most technologically advanced sports in the world today. Race Cars are the most sophisticated vehicles that we see in common use. It features exotic, high-speed, open-wheel cars racing all around the world. The racing teams have to create cars that are flexible enough to run under all conditions. This level of diversity makes a season of F1 car racing incredibly exciting. The teams have to completely revise the aerodynamic package, the suspension settings, and lots of other parameters on their cars for each race, and the drivers have to be extremely agile to handle all of the different conditions they face. Their carbon fiber bodies, incredible engines, advanced aerodynamics and intelligent electronics make each car a high-speed research lab. A F1 Car runs at speeds up to 240 mph, the driver experiences G-forces and copes with incoming data so quickly that it makes Car driving one of the most demanding professions in the sporting world. F1 car is an amazing machine that pushes the physical limitations of automotive engineering. On the track, the driver shows off his professional skills by directing around an oval track at speeds
GENERAL COCKPIT ENVIRONMENT
Every possible button and switch must be close at hand as the driver has limited movement due to tightness of the seat belts. The cockpit is also very cramped, and drivers often wear knee pads to prevent bruising. The car designers are forever trying to lower the centre of gravity of the car, and as each car has a mass of 600 Kg, with the driver’s being roughly 70 Kg, he is an important factor in weight distribution. This often means that the drivers are almost lying down in their driving position. The trend towards high noses led one driver to comment that his driving position felt like he was lying in the bath with his feet up on the taps!
As the driver sits so low, his forward visibility is often impaired. Some of the shorter drivers can only see the tops of the front tyres and so positioning his car on the grid accurately can be a problem. You may see a mechanic holding his hand where the top of the front tyre should stop during a pit-stop to help the driver stop on his correct mark. Rear view mirrors are angled to see through the rear wing and drivers often like to set them so that they can just see the rear wheel.
Around the drivers head there is a removable headrest / collar. This was introduced in an attempt to protect the driver’s neck in a sideways collision. Some driver’s also wear knee pads to prevent their knees banging together during hard cornering.
Aerodynamics
One of the most important features of a formula1 Car is its aerodynamics package. The most obvious manifestations of the package are the front and rear wings, but there are a number of other features that perform different functions. A formula 1 Car uses air in three different ways introduction of wings. Formula One team began to experiment with crude aerodynamic devices to help push the tires into the track.
WINGTHEORY
The wings on an F1 car use the same principle as those found on a common aircraft, although while the aircraft wings are designed to produce lift, wings on an F1 car are placed ‘upside down’, producing downforce, pushing the car onto the track. The basic way that an aircraft wing works is by having the upper surface a different shape to the lower. This difference causes the air to flow quicker over the top surface than the bottom, causing a difference in air pressure between the two surfaces. The air on the upper surface will be at a lower pressure than the air below the wing, resulting in a force pushing the wing upwards. This force is called lift. On a racing car, the wing is shaped so the low pressure area is under the wing, causing a force to push the wing downwards. This force is called downforce.
As air flows over the wing, it is disturbed by the shape, causing what is known as form or pressure drag. Although this force is usually less than the lift or downforce, it can seriously limit top speed and causes the engine to use more fuel to get the car through the air. Drag is a very important factor on an F1 car, with all parts exposed to the air flow being streamlined in some way. The suspension arms are a good example, as they are often made in a shape of a wing, although the upper surface is identical to the lower surface. This is done to reduce the drag on the suspension arms as the car travels through the air at high speed.
The reason that the lower suspension arm has much less drag is due to the aspect ratio. The circular arm will suffer from flow separation around the suspension arm, causing a higher pressure difference in front of and behind the arm, which increases the pressure drag. This occurs because the airflow has to turn sharply around the cylindrical arm, but it cannot maintain a path close to the arm due to the speed of the flow, causing a low pressure wake to form behind it. The lower suspension arm in the diagram will cause no flow separation as the aspect ration between the width and the height is much greater, and the flow can maintain the smooth path around the object, creating a smaller pressure difference between the air in front of the arm and the air behind. In the bottom case, the skin friction drag will increase, but this is a minor increase compared with the pressure drag.
REARWING
As more wing angle creates more downforce, more drag is produced, reducing the top speed of the car. The rear wing is made up of two sets of aerofoil connected to each other by the wing endplates. The top aerofoil top provides most of the downforce and is the one that is varied the most from track to track. It is now made up of a maximum of three elements due to the new regulations. The lower aerofoil is smaller and is made up of just one element. As well as creating downforce itself, the low pressure region immediately below the wing helps suck air through the diffuser, gaining more downforce under the car. The endplates connect the two wings and prevent air from spilling over the sides of the wings, maximizing the high pressure zone above the wing, creating maximum downforce.
FRONTWING
Wing flap on either side of the nose cone is asymmetrical. It reduces in height nearer to the nose cone as this allows air to flow into the radiators and to the under floor aerodynamic aids. If the wing flap maintained its height right to the nose cone, the radiators would receive less air flow and therefore the engine temperature would rise. The asymmetrical shape also allows a better airflow to the under floor and the diffuser, increasing downforce. The wing main plane is often raised slightly in the centre, this again allows a slightly better airflow to the under floor aerodynamics, but it also reduces the wing’s ride height sensitivity. A wing’s height off the ground is very critical, and this slight raise in the centre of the main plane makes react it more subtlety to changes in ride height. The new- regulations state that the outer thirds of the front wing must be raised by 50mm, reducing downforce. Some teams have lowered the central section to try to get some extra front downforce, at the compromise of reducing the quality of the airflow to the underbody aerodynamics.
As the wheels were closer to the chassis, the front wings overlapped the front wheels when viewed from the front. This provided unnecessary turbulence in front of the wheels, further reducing aerodynamic efficiency and thus contributing to unwanted drag. To overcome this problem, the top teams made the inside edges of the front wing endplates curved to direct the air towards the chassis and around the wheels. Later on and throughout the season, many teams introduced sculpted outside edges to the endplates to direct the air around the front wheels. This was often included in the design change some teams introduced to reduce the width of the front wing to give the wheels the same position relative to the wing in previous years.
The interaction between the front wheels and the front wing makes it very difficult to come up with the best solution, and consequently almost all of the different teams have come up with different designs! The horizontal lips in the middle of the endplate help force air around the tyres, whilst the lip at the bottom of the plate helps stop any high pressure air entering the low pressure zone beneath the wing, as it is the low pressure here which creates the downforce.
BARGEBOARDS
They are mounted between the front wheels and the side pods, but can be situated in the suspension, behind the front wheels. Their main purpose is to smooth the turbulent airflow coming from the front wheels, and direct some of this flow into the radiators, and the rest around the side of the side pods.
They have become much more three dimensional in their design, and feature contours to direct the airflow in different directions. Although the bargeboards help tidy the airflow around the side pods, they may also reduce the volume of air entering the radiators, so reaching a compromise between downforce and cooling is important.
DIFFUSER
Invisible to the spectator other than during some kind of major accident, the diffuser is the most important area of aerodynamic consideration. This is the underside of the car behind the rear axle line. Here, the floor sweeps up towards the rear of the car, creating a larger area of the air flowing under the car to fill. This creates a suction effect on the rear of the car and so pulls the car down onto the track.
The diffuser consists of many tunnels and splitters which carefully control the airflow to maximize this suction effect. As the exhaust gases from the engine and the rear suspension arms pass through this area, its design is critical. If the exhaust gases are wrongly placed, the car has changed its aerodynamic balance when the driver comes on and off the throttle. Some teams have moved the exhausts so that they exit from the engine cover instead to make the car more stable when the driver comes on and off the throttle. The picture aboveshows what the complex arrangement of tunnels look like at the back of the car:
Engine
With ten times the horse-power of a normal road car, a Formula On engine produces quite amazing performance. With around 900 moving parts, the engines are very complex and must operate at very high temperatures. Engines are currently limited to 3 litre, normally aspirated with 10 cylinders. These engines produce approximately 900 – 850 bhp and are made from forged aluminum alloy, and they must have no more than five valves per cylinder. In a quest to reduce the internal inertia of the moving parts, some components have been manufactured from ceramics. These materials are very strong in the direction they need to be, but have a very low density meaning that it takes less force to accelerate them, ideal for reducing the fuel consumption and efficiency of the engine. A similar material, beryllium alloy has been used, but the safety of it has been questioned.
WHAT MAKES THESE ENGINES DIFFERENT TO ROAD CAR ENGINES?
You can often see road cars with engines larger than three liters, but these don’t produce upwards of 750 bhp. So how do F1 engineers produce this amount of power from this size of engine? There are many differences between racing and road car engines that contribute to the large power difference.
F1 engines are designed to rev much higher than road units. Having double the revs should double the power output as there are twice as many engine cycles within a certain time. Unfortunately, as the revs increase, so doe’s friction within the engine, so eventually, a point is reached where maximum power will occur, regardless of the number of revs. Running engines at high revs also increases the probability of mechanical failure as the components within the engines are being more highly stressed.
Exotic materials such as ceramics as mentioned earlier are employed to reduce the weight and strength of the engine. A limit of what materials can be used has been introduced to keep costs down, so only metal based (ferrous) materials can be used for the crankshaft and cams. Exotic materials can reduce the weight, and are often less susceptible to expansion with heat, but there can be draw backs. Incorporating these materials next to ferrous materials can cause problems. An exotic material such as carbon fibre will not expand as much as steel for example, so having these together in an engine would ruin the engine, as they run to such small tolerances. Although only 5% of the engine is built of such materials (compared with roughly 1/3 rd Steel, 2/3 rds Aluminum) they still make a worthwhile addition to power output.
Transmissions
Just like in your family road car, F1 cars have a clutch, gearbox and differential to transfer the 800 bhp into the rear wheels. Although they provide the same function as on a road car, the transmission system in an f1 car is radically different.
CLUTCH
The engine is linked directly to the clutch, fixed between the engine and gearbox. Some manufacturers produce Carbon/Carbon F1 clutches which must be able to tolerate temperatures as high as 500 degrees. The clutch is electro-hydraulically operated and can weigh as little as 1.5 kg.
They are multi-plate designs that are designed to give enhanced engine pick-up and the lightweight deigns mean that they have low inertia, allowing faster gear changes. The drivers do not manually use the clutch apart from moving off from standstill, and when changing up the gears, they simply press a lever behind the wheel to move to the next ratio. The on-board computer automatically cuts the engine, depresses the clutch and switches ratios in the blink of an eye. In F1 cars, clutches are 100 mm in diameter.
GEAR BOX
F1 car gearboxes are different to road car gearboxes in that they are semi-automatic and have no synchromesh. They are sequential which means they operate much like a motorcycle gearbox, with the gears being changed by a
DIFFERENTIAL
To enable the rear wheels to rotate at different speeds around a corner, F1 cars use differentials much like any other forms of motorized vehicle. Formula One cars use limited-slip differentials to help maximize the traction out of corners, compared to open differentials used in most family cars. The open differential theoretically delivers equal torque to both drive wheels at all times, whereas a limited slip device uses friction to change the torque relationship between the drive wheels.
Electro-hydraulic devices are used in F1 to constantly change the torque acting on both of the drive wheels at different stages in a corner. This torque relationship can be varied to ‘steer’ the car through corners, or prevent the inside rear wheel from spinning under harsh acceleration out of a bend.
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Tyres & Wheels
TYRES
F1 tyres must be able to withstand very high stresses and temperatures, the normal working temperature at the contact patch is around 125 degrees Celsius, and the tyre will rotate at about 3000 rpm at top speed. The tyres are filled with a special nitrogen rich, moisture free gas to make sure the pressure will not alter depending on where it was inflated. The tyres are made up of four essential ‘ingredients’: carbon blacks, polymers, oils and special curatives. During a race weekend, the teams can choose between two compounds of dry tyres to use during qualifying and the race. Normally, a hard and a softer compound tyre will be brought to the track, with the teams deciding before qualifying which compound to use for the rest of the weekend. The softer tyre will give a bit more grip, but will wear and blister more quickly than the hard tyre.
The picture below shows the three types of tyres that can be used.. The dry tyre has four circumferential grooves to reduce the ‘contact patch’ that decreases cornering speeds. The wet tyre can only be used when the track is declared officially ‘wet’ by the Stewards of the race. This tyre type must have a ‘land’ area of 75% (the area that touches the track) whilst the channels to remove the water must make up the remaining 25% of the tyre area. The intermediate tyre is used during changeable conditions when it is still slightly damp. If a wet tyre is used when the track is not actually very wet, the tread overheats, losing grip. An intermediate choice channels out water without overheating as much as a wet tyre.
Tyres are of paramount importance on a racing car as they are the sole suppliers of grip. Each tyre has about the area of an adults palm touching the ground, (this area is called the contact patch) and this area must be maximized by the suspension to create as much grip as possible. The set-up of the car’s suspension is designed to maximize the contact patch during cornering, acceleration and braking. Although there are some variables involved with the tyres, most of the factors that control the behavior of the contact patch are induced by the suspension set-up.
The pressure of the tyres is a critical factor in the car’s performance. As well as determining the amount of lateral movement of the tyre, the pressures are critical to the movement of the suspension. As the tyre walls are so large, about half of the vertical movement of the car comes from the squashing of the tyre walls, with the rest in the springs or torsion bars in the suspension.
Current F1 tyres must have four grooves around them to comply with the rules which were issued as a way on controlling the cornering speed of the cars. The picture above shows the dimensions of the grooves:
WHEELS
F1 wheels are usually made from forged magnesium alloy due its low density and high strength. They are machined in one piece to make them as strong as possible, and are secured onto the suspension uprights by a single central locking wheel nut. This ‘lock’ is quickly pushed in to release the wheel during a pit stop, and the tyre changer then pulls it again to lock the wheel once the tyres have been changed.
. Once at the track, teams deliver their bare wheel rims to the tyre manufacturers’ truck where the tyres are put onto the rims with special machines. The tyres are then inflated and delivered back to the teams.
WHEEL TETHERS
F1 cars have had to fit wheel tethers connecting the wheels to the chassis. This rule was introduced to try to stop wheels coming free and bouncing around dangerously during an accident. The tether must attach to the chassis at one end, with the other end connecting to the wheel hub.
The tethers used in F1 are a derivative of high performance marine ropes, made especially for each car. They are made from a special polymer called polybenzoaoxide (PBO) which is often called Zylon. This Zylon material has a very high strength and stiffness characteristic (around 280GPa) much like carbon, but the advantage of Zylon is that it can be used as a pure fibre unlike carbon which has to be in composite form to gain its strength. The drawback of Zylon is that is must be protected from light, so it is covered in a shrink wrapped protective cover. The tethers are designed to withstand about 5000 kg of load, but often they can break quite easily during an accident, especially if the cable gets twisted by the broken suspension members. The teams normally replace the tethers every two or three races to ensure that they can withstand the loads put on them during an accident.
The Suspensions
The setup of a cars suspension has a great influence on how it handles on the track, whether it produces under steer, over steer or the more useful neutral balance of a car. On an F1 car, the suspension must be soft enough to absorb the many undulations and bumps that a track may possess, including the riding of some vicious yet time-saving curbs. On the other hand, the suspension should be sufficiently hard so that the car does not bottom out when traveling at 200 mph with about 3 tons of downforce acting on it.
Most of the team’s suspension systems are similar, but they take two forms. The first is the traditional coil spring setup, common in most modern cars. The second is the torsion bar setup. A torsion bar does the same job as a spring but is more compact. Both forms of suspension are mounted on the chassis above the driver’s legs at the front of the car, and on top of the gearbox at the rear. The pictures below left show the typical suspension setup and the spring and a torsion bar:
A bump is absorbed by the spring compressing, and then contracting. A Torsion bar absorbs a bump by twisting one way, then twisting back.
SPRINGS & TORSION BARS
The springs or torsion bars are the parts of the suspension that actually absorb the bumps. In simple terms, the softer the suspension on the car, the quicker it will travel through a corner. This has the adverse effect of making the car less sensitive to the drivers input, causing sloppy handling. A harder sprung car will have less mechanical grip through the corner, but the handling will be more sensitive and more direct.
To gain more grip, the engineers cannot simply soften the springs all round. This may increase grip up to a point, but there are many adverse effects that will occur. Firstly, the car may bottom out when under the influence of aerodynamic load when traveling at high speed. Secondly, the car will suffer body-roll in the corners which will influence the angle of the tyres with the road, reducing overall grip. The final point is that the car will pitch forwards and backwards under the influence of hard acceleration or braking. This effect the cars aerodynamics, especially the grip obtained from the airflow under the car.
DAMPERS
Often called shocks absorbers, dampers provide a resistance for the spring to work against. The purpose of this is to prevent the spring from oscillating too much after hitting a bump. Ideally, the spring would contract over a bump, and then expand back to its usual length straight afterwards.
This requires a damper to be present as without one the spring would contracted expand continually after the bump, providing a rather horrible ride The way that dampers operate can be tuned to alter the handling. The ‘bump’ and ‘rebound’ characteristics can be altered to control how quickly they contract and expand again.
THE BRAKES
F1 cars use disc brakes like most road cars, but these brakes are designed to work at 750 degrees C and are discarded after each race. The driver needs the car to be stable under heavy braking, and is able to adjust the balance between front and rear braking force from a dial in the cockpit. The brakes are usually set-up with 60% of the braking force to the front, 40% to the rear. This is because as the driver hits the brakes, the whole weight of the car is shifted towards the front, and the rear seems to get lighter. If the braking force was kept at 50% front and rear, the rear brakes would lock up as there would be less force pushing the rear tyres onto the track under heavy braking.
For qualifying, when longevity of the brake discs is not important, teams often run thinner discs to reduce the weight of the car. Race discs are 28 mm thick (the maximum allowed) where the special qualifying discs are often as thin as 21 mm. Teams often run either very small or in some cases no front brake ducts during qualifying to gain an aerodynamic advantage
The rotating discs are gripped by a caliper which squeezes the disc when the brake pedal is pushed. Brake fluid is pushed into pistons within the caliper which push the brake pads towards the disc and pushes against it it slow the wheel. The discs are often drilled so that air will flow through and keep the temperature down.
These master cylinders contain the brake fluid for both the front and rear brakes. The front and rear systems are connected separately so if one circuit would fail, the driver would still have either the front or rear system with which to slow the car. Also visible is the steering rack and the plumbing for the power steering system.
Costs
HOW MUCH DOES AN F1 CAR COST TO MAKE?
This is one of the most commonly asked questions by spectators and this section will try to get an overall total to design and build one Formula 1 car. The table below outlines the main parts of the car and how much each part costs:
Each part costs:
PARTS AMOUNT SINGLE PRICE (€) AMOUNT NEEDED TOTAL (€)
Monocoque 112 360 1 112.360
Bodywork 8026 1 8.026
Rear Wing 12842 1 12.842
Front Wing 16051 1 16.051
Engine 240770 1 240.770
Gearbox 128411 1 128.411
Gear Ratios (set) 112360 1 112.360
Exhaust System 9631 1 9.631
Telemetry 128411 1 128.411
Fire Extinguisher 3210 2 6.420
Brake Discs 964 4 3.856
Brake Pads 642 8 5.136
Brake Callipers 16051 4 64.205
Wheels 1124 4 4.496
Tyres 642 4 2.568
Shock Absorber 2087 4 8.346
Pedals (set) 1605 1 1.605
Dashboard 3210 1 3.210
Steering System 4815 1 4.815
Steering Wheel 32103 1 32.103
Fuel Tank 9632 1 9.632
Suspension 3210 1 3.210
Wiring 8026 1 8.026
GRAND TOTAL € 926.490
In addition to the build costs, thousands of pounds will be spent on designing the car. Design costs include the making of models, using the wind tunnel and paying crash test expenses etc. The cost of producing the final product will be €7.700.000
RANDOM FACTS:
In an F1 engine revving at 18,000 rpm, the piston will travel up and down 300 times a second.
The piston only moves around 50 mm but will accelerate from 0 – 100 kmh and back to 0 again in around 0.0025 seconds.
If a connecting rod let go of its piston at maximum engine speed, the piston would have enough energy to travel vertically over 100 meters.
If a water hose were to blow off, the complete cooling system would empty in just over a second.
F1 cars have 3 built in pneumatic jacks that can jack the car up in less than a second during the pit stop.
An F1 car has as many as 8 radios in operation at a time.
September 2nd, 2011
If you want to donate your car to charity, Cars4Charities can help you. Among so many charities that operate car donation programs, Cars4Charities is the one which offers you the unique option to donate your car at your leisure, any time through their website, http://www.cars4charities.org/. It hasover 1,000 international, national, state and local charities you can donate car to. In addition to being quite convenient, the online option greatly reduces administrative costs, resulting in more money going to the charity you select. It is also better for the environment because it lowers the use of paper and other consumables.
With over 1,000 charities like local homeless shelters, food banks along with International and National charities like the America Foundation for the Blind, the Prevent Cancer Foundation, the Asthma & Allergy Foundation, Autism Speaks, the Breast Cancer Research Foundation, the Brain Trauma Foundation, the Diabetes Research Institute Foundation, the National Association for Down Syndrome, Food for the Poor, Partners in Health, Teach for America, Freedom from Hunger, the LAM Foundation, etc.
to choose from, Cars4Charities can satisfy almost everyone’s philanthropic tastes.
In addition to helping a very good cause, you will receive a tax deduction of at least 0 when you donate car. Not only does Cars4Charities let you donate car that doesn’t run or is very old, they will pick up your car donation fast and free, turn it into cash and send the proceeds to the charity you choose from their list.
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August 21st, 2011
Car charity is gaining widespread popularity in the United States. It is because of the associated benefits that car donation can bring to people. When you donate an old vehicle, you no longer need to spend money on its care and maintenance. Also, by donating your vehicle, you can do away with the hassles involved in selling your vehicle to an unknown person. Though a car donation process is simple and easy, the tips given below can make the whole process smoother.
Useful Tips on How to Donate Cars for Charity
• First and foremost, acquaint yourself with the IRS (Internal Revenue Service) laws for car donation. If you are donating your vehicle for the first time then you should not that you can claim tax deduction as per IRS rules. These rules were changed in 2004 and since then the amount of tax deduction has been limited to the amount the charity ends up getting by selling your car.
• Secondly, make sure that the charity receiver is qualified. IRS has specified charities that are qualified to receive car donation for tax deduction purposes. You can check the norms on the website of the IRS. In case of any assistance, you can also contact your state charity officials. Most tax deductible charitable organizations are granted with “Letter of Determination” that verifies their status.
• Make sure you get a well documented acknowledgement receipt when the drivers from the charity come and tow away your car. Note that this acknowledgement receipt is for your records only and does not serve the documentation requirements of tax deduction.
• If you do not keep record of the documents clearly stating the value your car has been sold for then the IRS officials can pose a problem. They look into the very details of non-cash donations.
• The charitable organization you are donating your car to should provide you with a receipt that indicated the selling price of your vehicle within 30 days form the receipt of the vehicle. This receipt is of a lot of importance and one of the primary documents necessary for claiming tax deduction.
• If your used car sells for more than 0 then a new IRS form needs to be filled and attached with the annual return.
• If your car sells for ,000 or more then an independent appraisal will be held. Make sure that you enter the relevant details in the appropriate part of the IRS form.
• Before you car is towed away by the charitable organization, take its pictures from the inside as well as outside. Also, keep your car in a good condition so that it can be towed away comfortably. If all the four tires of your vehicle are not inflated, your donation of car will not be accepte.
Donation of car is becoming popular day by day. For charitable car donation easily and quickly, you can contact a vehicle donation center which works on behalf of its supported charities. For more information visit carshelpingamerica.org/articles.
August 20th, 2011
Donating cars for charity was a novel concept in twentieth century but in twenty first century, it seems to be the mantra for financial and mental peace! How’s that possible? It is possible by selling your car through online car donating agencies and achieving maximum value for your vehicle. Further, you will enjoy maximum tax benefits too. Wondering how a car donation help you get maximum amount plus tax deductions?
That’s how the taxation and car donation laws of United States are! Whether it is your running car or non-running junk, certain online car donating agencies accept your car and sell it at highest possible price, thus enabling you to seek good sum, at the same time donating massive sum to charity. Earlier, many charities used to accept cars directly instead of money it derives. But these days the norms have changed with many charitable organizations and they now seek money instead of assets. Your used car thus can help worthy causes and what more do you need?
What you should do to donate a car?
Well, if you ask for the entire procedure, it may sound pretty complicated to you. This is because you are not into it and there are many things that may develop complexities at the eleventh hour. If you want to avoid all these hassles and still help charities, you can seek help online. Numerous car donating agencies work online. These agencies act as the mediator between you, the buyer and the charity. You need to just contact these agencies online and fill up their online form. The form seeks your details with apt concern for your privacy. Also it seeks name of the charity you are interested in. and that’s it! Your work is done! Don’t be surprised. Once you fill the form, one of the site representatives will contact you as early as possible and inform you the detailed procedure.
Also the representative will give you correct idea about the tax deductions and other benefits that you will enjoy after selling car through this agency. Therefore, your job is to search for the right car donating agency that will help you through every step. Choose the agency that has experience doing such transactions and therefore is legitimate and reliable. Also an agency with efficient customer service will help you relieve your anxiety about the procedure and help you enjoy mental peace.
You can also look for testimonials from charities that have lauded the car donating centers for great work and usually opt for the same center again and again for seeking car donations.
Your car donation is just a click away
Thus, selling an old junk car is just a click away. Search for the good online car donating agency and leave the rest on to them. Your car will no doubt bring you great tax benefits plus you will have the mental peace for helping your favorite charity substantially! Your charity will definitely thank you and your car donating agent because both of you helped them to tackle worthy causes!
Enjoy the hassle-free way to car donate online. Totally free of transaction hassles, these ways ensure your safety and utmost tax benefits. For more details, log in to carshelpingamerica.org.
August 18th, 2011
There are billions of ways to help the people around you and make the change that you have always wished to see. The most effective is through charity, but with more, you can make a difference that actually matters and turns the loves of one to become a better one in the future. The best thing about charity is the fact that you get to chose how you donate and what you donate in the first place. Take a look at your garage and if you find your old car sitting nicely waiting for someone to take care of it or at least give it a good polish then it is a sign that you are to donate it for those who need a helping hand worth a car.
At car donation California you can help make the change that matters, as aforementioned, you are the agent of the change you wish to see. And this can’t be brought dependant on others as it is self-willingness that makes it matter. The children of California wish to see the change too. So choose upon the many charities in town to help make use out of your funds and create the happiness. It may well be about time that you give back to the society and have them enjoying what they deserve.
If you are still in this passage and still interested in how to donate car refer to the website and follow the steps that are provided. Easy as a bean, simple and fast you can start donating within days and be proud of yourself. This is the type of action you know you will never regret when you look back, all that there will be is gladness that you put a healing hand in when all were out of hope. Help now.
August 9th, 2011
If you love your car, you surely want to maintain its perfect condition. You want to get it serviced once in a while, you want to get its oil regularly changed, and you want to get it immediately repaired when certain impairment, either serious or light, is found on it. To do all of those chores, you need to hire a trustable mechanic who can provide you with reliable car service. If you live in Langhorne, Philadelphia, finding a professional and certified mechanic is not quite difficult because you can always find a number of mechanics in Langhorne, Philadelphia. What you need to do is checking whether they can be trusted to handle your car or not.
In auto repair Langhorne PA, you can get a number of car services either to maintain the condition of your car or to repair any damages found on it. You can even perform other automotive affairs there such as applying for a loan by using your car as collateral and purchasing either a new or a pre owned car. If your car is seriously damaged, the auto repair shop has a collision center that can repair even the most serious car damage caused by accident.
To prevent yourself from experiencing car repair price rip-off, you can inspect the qualification of the auto repair shop at the Better Business Bureau. You can also browse the internet and search for all available repair shops. You can decide that a repair shop charges you fairly by investigating customers’ reviews about its service. If there are a lot of positive reviews for it, you can trust the repair shop to provide you with car service. On the other hand, if there are a number of negative reviews found, the repair shop thus needs improvement and you should avoid prioritizing it.
July 27th, 2011
If you are seeking for the best collection of minivans there is an option that will assure you to come home with a big great smile on your face. The MINI dealership Gaithersburg MD have been through all the ups and downs that a company can ever go through making them stand out in experience compared to other agencies. This is all thanks to the dedicated team that have worked endlessly in making satisfying sales and brought the essence of togetherness in selling cars. If you are looking for a minivan and none other, there is no place better than here.
The Baltimore MINI Countryman is one that is offered to you all at an amazing range of price. Whoever said that quality is always reflected in the price it comes in with? With a dazzling price you can still get ultimate quality. There is not a chance that you will be weighed down as the agency is always full-guard in providing all they can, whenever they can. If you feel like you need to talk to the team in person, simply arrange an appointment to acquire all the details and suggestions from those who have in the field with many stories to share.
For used cars there is also the choice of used MINI Frederick MD that have been sought by many also. The elegant form and the colors they come in have never failed to amaze people. Used cars are hard to find, especially the best out of the best. It just happens to be that the best are all here is ready stock for use. The used MINI Frederick MD will certainly take your breath away. As many have their eyes set on the whole collection, make the best out of the time left and order a used MINI Frederick MD now!
July 27th, 2011
