Nowadays the fashion of buying of old used cars for sale has become a hobby for most of the people. Since good pre-owned cars come in a very low range and thus people are getting attracted to this particular fashion. Government use to sponsor automobile auctions and thus people willing to buy the cars find a platform to buy old used cars for sale. There are many such provisions in which the used old cars for sale are offered. Many advertisements can be seen on television and internet. The different types of advertisement use to focus mainly on the benefits of buying old used cars for sale. The old used cars are either kept in a showroom or put on an exhibition for sale. People use to get a number of options to choose their favorite cars at a very nominal rate. The cars that are put on sale are sold out at a faster pace.

Most of the pre-owned cars used to be sold in the government auctions. The cars that are put on auctions are seized from the people who are not able to pay their monthly installments. If some people are not capable of clearing their loans, then their car is seized and put on auction. These old used cars for sale are offered at a very attractive rate. There are many such sources from which old used cars for sale are offered. If a person is not able to pay his income taxes or any types of tax, then government use to capture the belonging of that person and thus put the belongings onto auction. There are many other ideas in which the old used cars are put into auctions. People are allowed to examine the cars conditions and thus can decide whether to buy that particular car or not. Finance companies are also the source for selling used cars. Finance companies use to capture the cars that were released to the customers as loans. These cars are offered as old used cars for sale at an attractive price.

Many automobiles companies are also buying old used cars from the customers and sell them as old used car for sale. Nowadays, used cars are on sale and people are utilizing the opportunity to buy their desired cars. Used cars for sale are utilized by people, who cannot invest much amount on the cars. Many luxury cars are on sale and thus people are getting the opportunity to buy used cars for sale at a very affordable price. The old cars that are kept for sale are given many facilities, such as servicing free for some months and maintenance cost is also adjusted.

When you turn the pages through the classified advertisements or browsing online for used cars for sale, always keep in mind the following 5 important tips to make the purchase of your dream car easier.

1.) Planning

Plan earlier before you take the plunge to get the used car. Look through and source for information about the model and make of the car. Decide on the type of used car that you really need – a station wagon for the family or a two-door for just you and your partner?

2.) Budget

Decide on the amount of money you are prepared and able to part. Do not overly commit yourself financially. There are a lot of used cars for sale for a wide range of budget that will surely meet your financial criteria.

3.) Owner versus Dealer

If you are able to get used cars for sale by owners, you can usually save more money than going to dealers. However, warranty may not be available from owners. This will make our point 4 of inspection even more crucial.

4 ) Inspection

Check the car thoroughly for any faults or issues. No matter how old is the car, always test drive the vehicle. Do not simply assume that just because it is a one-year old car it is new and hence free of problems. Bring along a friend or best, a mechanic to help you make necessary assessments of the car. Drive it around to spot any possible issues.

5.) Deal

Finally ask around and check the market value of the car that you have targeted. This will help you when negotiating the price. Strike at a deal where you can afford. Always stick to the budget that you have initially set no matter how much you may like a car, will ensure that you never over commit financially.

With the above simple guides, you will be on the way to getting your ideal car at just a fraction of the money you will need to fork out for a brand new car.

http://www.ton-web.com

INTRODUCTION                    

Car racing is one of the most technologically advanced sports in the world today. Race Cars are the most sophisticated vehicles that we see in common use. It features exotic, high-speed, open-wheel cars racing all around the world. The racing teams have to create cars that are flexible enough to run under all conditions. This level of diversity makes a season of F1 car racing incredibly exciting. The teams have to completely revise the aerodynamic package, the suspension settings, and lots of other parameters on their cars for each race, and the drivers have to be extremely agile to handle all of the different conditions they face. Their carbon fiber bodies, incredible engines, advanced aerodynamics and intelligent electronics make each car a high-speed research lab. A F1 Car runs at speeds up to 240 mph, the driver experiences G-forces and copes with incoming data so quickly that it makes  Car driving one of the most demanding professions in the sporting world.  F1 car is an amazing machine that pushes the physical limitations of automotive engineering. On the track, the driver shows off his professional skills by directing around an oval track at speeds

GENERAL COCKPIT ENVIRONMENT

Every possible button and switch must be close at hand as the driver has limited movement due to tightness of the seat belts. The cockpit is also very cramped, and drivers often wear knee pads to prevent bruising. The car designers are forever trying to lower the centre of gravity of the car, and as each car has a mass of 600 Kg, with the driver’s being roughly 70 Kg, he is an important factor in weight distribution. This often means that the drivers are almost lying down in their driving position. The trend towards high noses led one driver to comment that his driving position felt like he was lying in the bath with his feet up on the taps!

As the driver sits so low, his forward visibility is often impaired. Some of the shorter drivers can only see the tops of the front tyres and so positioning his car on the grid accurately can be a problem. You may see a mechanic holding his hand where the top of the front tyre should stop during a pit-stop to help the driver stop on his correct mark. Rear view mirrors are angled to see through the rear wing and drivers often like to set them so that they can just see the rear wheel.

Around the drivers head there is a removable headrest / collar. This was introduced in an attempt to protect the driver’s neck in a sideways collision. Some driver’s also wear knee pads to prevent their knees banging together during hard cornering.

Aerodynamics

One of the most important features of a formula1 Car is its aerodynamics package. The most obvious manifestations of the package are the front and rear wings, but there are a number of other features that perform different functions. A formula 1 Car uses air in three different ways introduction of wings. Formula One team began to experiment with crude aerodynamic devices to help push the tires into the track.

WINGTHEORY

The wings on an F1 car use the same principle as those found on a common aircraft, although while the aircraft wings are designed to produce lift, wings on an F1 car are placed ‘upside down’, producing downforce, pushing the car onto the track. The basic way that an aircraft wing works is by having the upper surface a different shape to the lower. This difference causes the air to flow quicker over the top surface than the bottom, causing a difference in air pressure between the two surfaces. The air on the upper surface will be at a lower pressure than the air below the wing, resulting in a force pushing the wing upwards. This force is called lift. On a racing car, the wing is shaped so the low pressure area is under the wing, causing a force to push the wing downwards. This force is called downforce.

As air flows over the wing, it is disturbed by the shape, causing what is known as form or pressure drag. Although this force is usually less than the lift or downforce, it can seriously limit top speed and causes the engine to use more fuel to get the car through the air. Drag is a very important factor on an F1 car, with all parts exposed to the air flow being streamlined in some way. The suspension arms are a good example, as they are often made in a shape of a wing, although the upper surface is identical to the lower surface. This is done to reduce the drag on the suspension arms as the car travels through the air at high speed.

The reason that the lower suspension arm has much less drag is due to the aspect ratio. The circular arm will suffer from flow separation around the suspension arm, causing a higher pressure difference in front of and behind the arm, which increases the pressure drag. This occurs because the airflow has to turn sharply around the cylindrical arm, but it cannot maintain a path close to the arm due to the speed of the flow, causing a low pressure wake to form behind it. The lower suspension arm in the diagram will cause no flow separation as the aspect ration between the width and the height is much greater, and the flow can maintain the smooth path around the object, creating a smaller pressure difference between the air in front of the arm and the air behind. In the bottom case, the skin friction drag will increase, but this is a minor increase compared with the pressure drag.

REARWING

As more wing angle creates more downforce, more drag is produced, reducing the top speed of the car. The rear wing is made up of two sets of aerofoil connected to each other by the wing endplates. The top aerofoil top provides most of the downforce and is the one that is varied the most from track to track. It is now made up of a maximum of three elements due to the new regulations. The lower aerofoil is smaller and is made up of just one element. As well as creating downforce itself, the low pressure region immediately below the wing helps suck air through the diffuser, gaining more downforce under the car. The endplates connect the two wings and prevent air from spilling over the sides of the wings, maximizing the high pressure zone above the wing, creating maximum downforce.

FRONTWING

Wing flap on either side of the nose cone is asymmetrical. It reduces in height nearer to the nose cone as this allows air to flow into the radiators and to the under floor aerodynamic aids. If the wing flap maintained its height right to the nose cone, the radiators would receive less air flow and therefore the engine temperature would rise. The asymmetrical shape also allows a better airflow to the under floor and the diffuser, increasing downforce. The wing main plane is often raised slightly in the centre, this again allows a slightly better airflow to the under floor aerodynamics, but it also reduces the wing’s ride height sensitivity. A wing’s height off the ground is very critical, and this slight raise in the centre of the main plane makes react it more subtlety to changes in ride height. The new- regulations state that the outer thirds of the front wing must be raised by 50mm, reducing downforce. Some teams have lowered the central section to try to get some extra front downforce, at the compromise of reducing the quality of the airflow to the underbody aerodynamics.        

 As the wheels were closer to the chassis, the front wings overlapped the front wheels when viewed from the front. This provided unnecessary turbulence in front of the wheels, further reducing aerodynamic efficiency and thus contributing to unwanted drag. To overcome this problem, the top teams made the inside edges of the front wing endplates curved to direct the air towards the chassis and around the wheels.  Later on and throughout the season, many teams introduced sculpted outside edges to the endplates to direct the air around the front wheels. This was often included in the design change some teams introduced to reduce the width of the front wing to give the wheels the same position relative to the wing in previous years.

The interaction between the front wheels and the front wing makes it very difficult to come up with the best solution, and consequently almost all of the different teams have come up with different designs! The horizontal lips in the middle of the endplate help force air around the tyres, whilst the lip at the bottom of the plate helps stop any high pressure air entering the low pressure zone beneath the wing, as it is the low pressure here which creates the downforce.

BARGEBOARDS

 They are mounted between the front wheels and the side pods, but can be situated in the suspension, behind the front wheels. Their main purpose is to smooth the turbulent airflow coming from the front wheels, and direct some of this flow into the radiators, and the rest around the side of the side pods.

They have become much more three dimensional in their design, and feature contours to direct the airflow in different directions. Although the bargeboards help tidy the airflow around the side pods, they may also reduce the volume of air entering the radiators, so reaching a compromise between downforce and cooling is important.

DIFFUSER

Invisible to the spectator other than during some kind of major accident, the diffuser is the most important area of aerodynamic consideration. This is the underside of the car behind the rear axle line. Here, the floor sweeps up towards the rear of the car, creating a larger area of the air flowing under the car to fill. This creates a suction effect on the rear of the car and so pulls the car down onto the track.

       The diffuser consists of many tunnels and splitters which carefully control the airflow to maximize this suction effect. As the exhaust gases from the engine and the rear suspension arms pass through this area, its design is critical. If the exhaust gases are wrongly placed, the car has changed its aerodynamic balance when the driver comes on and off the throttle. Some teams have moved the exhausts so that they exit from the engine cover instead to make the car more stable when the driver comes on and off the throttle. The picture aboveshows what the complex arrangement of tunnels look like at the back of the car:

Engine

With ten times the horse-power of a normal road car, a Formula On engine produces quite amazing performance. With around 900 moving parts, the engines are very complex and must operate at very high temperatures. Engines are currently limited to 3 litre, normally aspirated with 10 cylinders. These engines produce approximately 900 – 850 bhp and are made from forged aluminum alloy, and they must have no more than five valves per cylinder. In a quest to reduce the internal inertia of the moving parts, some components have been manufactured from ceramics. These materials are very strong in the direction they need to be, but have a very low density meaning that it takes less force to accelerate them, ideal for reducing the fuel consumption and efficiency of the engine. A similar material, beryllium alloy has been used, but the safety of it has been questioned.

WHAT MAKES THESE ENGINES DIFFERENT TO ROAD CAR ENGINES?

You can often see road cars with engines larger than three liters, but these don’t produce upwards of 750 bhp. So how do F1 engineers produce this amount of power from this size of engine? There are many differences between racing and road car engines that contribute to the large power difference.

F1 engines are designed to rev much higher than road units. Having double the revs should double the power output as there are twice as many engine cycles within a certain time. Unfortunately, as the revs increase, so doe’s friction within the engine, so eventually, a point is reached where maximum power will occur, regardless of the number of revs. Running engines at high revs also increases the probability of mechanical failure as the components within the engines are being more highly stressed.

Exotic materials such as ceramics as mentioned earlier are employed to reduce the weight and strength of the engine. A limit of what materials can be used has been introduced to keep costs down, so only metal based (ferrous) materials can be used for the crankshaft and cams. Exotic materials can reduce the weight, and are often less susceptible to expansion with heat, but there can be draw backs. Incorporating these materials next to ferrous materials can cause problems. An exotic material such as carbon fibre will not expand as much as steel for example, so having these together in an engine would ruin the engine, as they run to such small tolerances. Although only 5% of the engine is built of such materials (compared with roughly 1/3 rd Steel, 2/3 rds Aluminum) they still make a worthwhile addition to power output.

Transmissions

Just like in your family road car, F1 cars have a clutch, gearbox and differential to transfer the 800 bhp into the rear wheels. Although they provide the same function as on a road car, the transmission system in an f1 car is radically different.

CLUTCH

The engine is linked directly to the clutch, fixed between the engine and gearbox. Some manufacturers produce Carbon/Carbon F1 clutches which must be able to tolerate temperatures as high as 500 degrees. The clutch is electro-hydraulically operated and can weigh as little as 1.5 kg.

They are multi-plate designs that are designed to give enhanced engine pick-up and the lightweight deigns mean that they have low inertia, allowing faster gear changes. The drivers do not manually use the clutch apart from moving off from standstill, and when changing up the gears, they simply press a lever behind the wheel to move to the next ratio. The on-board computer automatically cuts the engine, depresses the clutch and switches ratios in the blink of an eye. In F1 cars, clutches are 100 mm in diameter.

GEAR BOX

F1 car gearboxes are different to road car gearboxes in that they are semi-automatic and have no synchromesh. They are sequential which means they operate much like a motorcycle gearbox, with the gears being changed by a 

DIFFERENTIAL

To enable the rear wheels to rotate at different speeds around a corner, F1 cars use differentials much like any other forms of motorized vehicle. Formula One cars use limited-slip differentials to help maximize the traction out of corners, compared to open differentials used in most family cars. The open differential theoretically delivers equal torque to both drive wheels at all times, whereas a limited slip device uses friction to change the torque relationship between the drive wheels.

Electro-hydraulic devices are used in F1 to constantly change the torque acting on both of the drive wheels at different stages in a corner. This torque relationship can be varied to ‘steer’ the car through corners, or prevent the inside rear wheel from spinning under harsh acceleration out of a bend.

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Tyres & Wheels

TYRES

 F1 tyres must be able to withstand very high stresses and temperatures, the normal working temperature at the contact patch is around 125 degrees Celsius, and the tyre will rotate at about 3000 rpm at top speed. The tyres are filled with a special nitrogen rich, moisture free gas to make sure the pressure will not alter depending on where it was inflated. The tyres are made up of four essential ‘ingredients’: carbon blacks, polymers, oils and special curatives. During a race weekend, the teams can choose between two compounds of dry tyres to use during qualifying and the race. Normally, a hard and a softer compound tyre will be brought to the track, with the teams deciding before qualifying which compound to use for the rest of the weekend. The softer tyre will give a bit more grip, but will wear and blister more quickly than the hard tyre.

                  The picture below shows the three types of tyres that can be used.. The dry tyre has four circumferential grooves to reduce the ‘contact patch’ that decreases cornering speeds. The wet tyre can only be used when the track is declared officially ‘wet’ by the Stewards of the race. This tyre type must have a ‘land’ area of 75% (the area that touches the track) whilst the channels to remove the water must make up the remaining 25% of the tyre area. The intermediate tyre is used during changeable conditions when it is still slightly damp. If a wet tyre is used when the track is not actually very wet, the tread overheats, losing grip. An intermediate choice channels out water without overheating as much as a wet tyre.

Tyres are of paramount importance on a racing car as they are the sole suppliers of grip. Each tyre has about the area of an adults palm touching the ground, (this area is called the contact patch) and this area must be maximized by the suspension to create as much grip as possible. The set-up of the car’s suspension is designed to maximize the contact patch during cornering, acceleration and braking. Although there are some variables involved with the tyres, most of the factors that control the behavior of the contact patch are induced by the suspension set-up.

The pressure of the tyres is a critical factor in the car’s performance. As well as determining the amount of lateral movement of the tyre, the pressures are critical to the movement of the suspension. As the tyre walls are so large, about half of the vertical movement of the car comes from the squashing of the tyre walls, with the rest in the springs or torsion bars in the suspension.

Current F1 tyres must have four grooves around them to comply with the rules which were issued as a way on controlling the cornering speed of the cars. The picture above shows the dimensions of the grooves:

WHEELS

F1 wheels are usually made from forged magnesium alloy due its low density and high strength. They are machined in one piece to make them as strong as possible, and are secured onto the suspension uprights by a single central locking wheel nut. This ‘lock’ is quickly pushed in to release the wheel during a pit stop, and the tyre changer then pulls it again to lock the wheel once the tyres have been changed.

. Once at the track, teams deliver their bare wheel rims to the tyre manufacturers’ truck where the tyres are put onto the rims with special machines. The tyres are then inflated and delivered back to the teams.

WHEEL TETHERS

F1 cars have had to fit wheel tethers connecting the wheels to the chassis. This rule was introduced to try to stop wheels coming free and bouncing around dangerously during an accident. The tether must attach to the chassis at one end, with the other end connecting to the wheel hub.

 The tethers used in F1 are a derivative of high performance marine ropes, made especially for each car. They are made from a special polymer called polybenzoaoxide (PBO) which is often called Zylon. This Zylon material has a very high strength and stiffness characteristic (around 280GPa) much like carbon, but the advantage of Zylon is that it can be used as a pure fibre unlike carbon which has to be in composite form to gain its strength. The drawback of Zylon is that is must be protected from light, so it is covered in a shrink wrapped protective cover. The tethers are designed to withstand about 5000 kg of load, but often they can break quite easily during an accident, especially if the cable gets twisted by the broken suspension members. The teams normally replace the tethers every two or three races to ensure that they can withstand the loads put on them during an accident.

The Suspensions

The setup of a cars suspension has a great influence on how it handles on the track, whether it produces under steer, over steer or the more useful neutral balance of a car. On an F1 car, the suspension must be soft enough to absorb the many undulations and bumps that a track may possess, including the riding of some vicious yet time-saving curbs. On the other hand, the suspension should be sufficiently hard so that the car does not bottom out when traveling at 200 mph with about 3 tons of downforce acting on it.

Most of the team’s suspension systems are similar, but they take two forms. The first is the traditional coil spring setup, common in most modern cars. The second is the torsion bar setup. A torsion bar does the same job as a spring but is more compact. Both forms of suspension are mounted on the chassis above the driver’s legs at the front of the car, and on top of the gearbox at the rear. The pictures below left show the typical suspension setup and the spring and a torsion bar: 

A bump is absorbed by the spring compressing, and then contracting. A Torsion bar absorbs a bump by twisting one way, then twisting back.

SPRINGS & TORSION BARS

The springs or torsion bars are the parts of the suspension that actually absorb the bumps. In simple terms, the softer the suspension on the car, the quicker it will travel through a corner. This has the adverse effect of making the car less sensitive to the drivers input, causing sloppy handling. A harder sprung car will have less mechanical grip through the corner, but the handling will be more sensitive and more direct.

To gain more grip, the engineers cannot simply soften the springs all round. This may increase grip up to a point, but there are many adverse effects that will occur. Firstly, the car may bottom out when under the influence of aerodynamic load when traveling at high speed. Secondly, the car will suffer body-roll in the corners which will influence the angle of the tyres with the road, reducing overall grip. The final point is that the car will pitch forwards and backwards under the influence of hard acceleration or braking. This effect the cars aerodynamics, especially the grip obtained from the airflow under the car.

DAMPERS

Often called shocks absorbers, dampers provide a resistance for the spring to work against. The purpose of this is to prevent the spring from oscillating too much after hitting a bump. Ideally, the spring would contract over a bump, and then expand back to its usual length straight afterwards.

This requires a damper to be present as without one the spring would contracted expand continually after the bump, providing a rather horrible ride The way that dampers operate can be tuned to alter the handling. The ‘bump’ and ‘rebound’ characteristics can be altered to control how quickly they contract and expand again.

THE BRAKES

F1 cars use disc brakes like most road cars, but these brakes are designed to work at 750 degrees C and are discarded after each race. The driver needs the car to be stable under heavy braking, and is able to adjust the balance between front and rear braking force from a dial in the cockpit. The brakes are usually set-up with 60% of the braking force to the front, 40% to the rear. This is because as the driver hits the brakes, the whole weight of the car is shifted towards the front, and the rear seems to get lighter. If the braking force was kept at 50% front and rear, the rear brakes would lock up as there would be less force pushing the rear tyres onto the track under heavy braking.

For qualifying, when longevity of the brake discs is not important, teams often run thinner discs to reduce the weight of the car. Race discs are 28 mm thick (the maximum allowed) where the special qualifying discs are often as thin as 21 mm. Teams often run either very small or in some cases no front brake ducts during qualifying to gain an aerodynamic advantage

The rotating discs are gripped by a caliper which squeezes the disc when the brake pedal is pushed. Brake fluid is pushed into pistons within the caliper which push the brake pads towards the disc and pushes against it it slow the wheel. The discs are often drilled so that air will flow through and keep the temperature down.

These master cylinders contain the brake fluid for both the front and rear brakes. The front and rear systems are connected separately so if one circuit would fail, the driver would still have either the front or rear system with which to slow the car. Also visible is the steering rack and the plumbing for the power steering system.

Costs

HOW MUCH DOES AN F1 CAR COST TO MAKE?

This is one of the most commonly asked questions by spectators and this section will try to get an overall total to design and build one Formula 1 car. The table below outlines the main parts of the car and how much each part costs:

Each part costs:

PARTS AMOUNT    SINGLE PRICE (€)  AMOUNT NEEDED TOTAL (€)

Monocoque               112 360                             1                            112.360

Bodywork                  8026                                1                                  8.026          

Rear Wing                 12842                   1                               12.842

Front Wing                16051                   1                               16.051

Engine                       240770                             1                             240.770

Gearbox                     128411                             1                             128.411

Gear Ratios (set)      112360                            1                            112.360

Exhaust System       9631                               1                                  9.631

Telemetry                   128411                             1                             128.411

Fire Extinguisher     3210                               2                                  6.420

Brake Discs               964                                  4                                  3.856

Brake Pads               642                                  8                                   5.136

Brake Callipers         16051                              4                                64.205        

Wheels                      1124                                4                                  4.496

Tyres                         642                                   4                                  2.568

Shock Absorber       2087                               4                                  8.346

Pedals (set)              1605                                 1                                  1.605                     

Dashboard                3210                                1                        3.210

Steering System       4815                                1                                  4.815

Steering Wheel        32103                              1                                32.103

Fuel Tank                 9632                                 1                                 9.632

Suspension             3210                                 1                                  3.210

Wiring                                  8026                                  1                                   8.026

                             GRAND TOTAL                                        € 926.490

In addition to the build costs, thousands of pounds will be spent on designing the car. Design costs include the making of models, using the wind tunnel and paying crash test expenses etc. The cost of producing the final product will be €7.700.000

RANDOM FACTS:

In an F1 engine revving at 18,000 rpm, the piston will travel up and down 300 times a second.

The piston only moves around 50 mm but will accelerate from 0 – 100 kmh and back to 0 again in around 0.0025 seconds.

If a connecting rod let go of its piston at maximum engine speed, the piston would have enough energy to travel vertically over 100 meters.

If a water hose were to blow off, the complete cooling system would empty in just over a second.

F1 cars have 3 built in pneumatic jacks that can jack the car up in less than a second during the pit stop.

An F1 car has as many as 8 radios in operation at a time.

If you have some credit concerns and do not want to burden yourself too much financially and yet, having a car is a firm decision, do consider getting used cars that are for sale by owner, as a good value-for-money alternative to brand new cars. Not only can you solve your transportation problem, you can also save a sum from getting used cars. With careful purchase, your used cars can be as good as a new one!

However, when getting used cars for sale, always keep some simple pointers on your finger tips. First, try to get used cars for sale by owner and avoid those from dealers if possible. It can help you save more money! Secondly, as these used cars do not usually come with a warranty, make sure you inspect the car carefully. Get a friend who is well versed with the engine, battery and other car knowledge to go for the test-drive and inspection with you. If one round of test-driving is not sufficient, go for another round and you will be sure to pick up any possible faults or issues the car may have. Until you are satisfied with how it looks and how it feels after the test-driving then, you are ready to make the purchase commitment. It does not pay to rush through the whole transaction just because you like the appearance of the car. After all, you want to get a good used car for sale by owner that can serve you well for many years to come.

Over the last 100 years, car manufacturers have designed some amazing cars, both beautiful and hideous. It’s hard to agree on a list of the most beautiful cars ever produced because inevitably personal taste comes into it.

However, the guys and girls over at Classic and Sports Car Magazine have recently carried out a survey to draw up a conclusive top 10 most beautiful cars. A 20 strong group of industry giants submitted 3 of their favourite, before narrowing it down to just 10.These included:

Peter Stevens (McLaren F1), Giorgetto Giugiaro (VW Golf, Lotus Esprit), Ian Callum (Jaguar), Marcello Gandini (Lancia Stratos, Lamborghini Countach), Patrick Le Quement (Renault), Martin Smith (Ford)

1962 Lotus Elite = 4th

1962 Lotus Elite = 4th

1962 Lotus Elite = 4th

The beautiful and small Elite was the result of Colin Chapman’s (founder of Lotus) obsession with low weights of cars. Not only was the body constructed from fiberglass, but so was the chassis in a similar method to modern day carbon fibre hypercars.

There were problems, fibreglass not being as strong as carbon fibre, quiet a few were horribly damaged. Yet the small 75bhp engine, low weight and efficient aerodynamics made this a great little car and is joint 4th in the top 10. 

1972 Lotus Elan = 4th

1972 Lotus Elan = 4th

1972 Lotus Elan = 4th

The Elan followed on from the (above) Elite, again it was made from fibreglass, yet this time had a steel backbone to add strength and rigidity. Annoying some purist designers saying it wasn’t in the Elite style. Yet the Elan was far more popular and safer.

The minimalist design, sweeping curves and ‘before it’s time’ pop up head lights make this a stunning little British sports car. 20 years later Mazda based their MX5 on the Elan, which has since gone on to be one of the most popular sports cars. 

1968 Lamborghini Miura = 4th

1968 Lamborghini Miura = 4th

1968 Lamborghini Miura = 4th

A simply stunning car. It was British motoring journalist LJK Setright that referred to this car as a ”supercar” which is where it all started. This is the FIRST supercar! Marcello Gandini who was on the judging panel for this list was also the chief designer of the Muira.

Designed by Lamborghini to prove a point to Ferrari who at the time said all sports cars should be front engined-rear wheel drive, the Muira was a mid engined V12 monster. According to many, non have come close to replicating this car’s striking lines. 

1971 Jaguar E-Type = 4th

1971 Jaguar E-Type = 4th

1971 Jaguar E-Type = 4th

For such a fast and powerful car, the Jaguar E Type is seen as many as a feminine design, with its sleek lines and beautiful stance. Some even refer to it as feline.

Styled around the aerodynamic of the D Type racers of the time, the E Type was a road friendly race car. It was technologically advanced for its time, yet the classic lines have remained as beautiful as ever. 

1961 Ferrari 250 GT SWB = 4th

1961 Ferrari 250 GT SWB = 4th

1961 Ferrari 250 GT SWB = 4th

When you think of beautiful cars, you can’t forget the Ferrari’s! This is the first of 3, and one of 2 from the 250 model. The GT SWB (Short Wheel Base) was described by Jaguar’s Ian Cullen as “a blend of beauty and aggression. I just drool over them and can draw them with my eyes closed.”(obviously a fan)

Ferrari only ever made 165 of the GT SWB, and as a result the price is huge! Perfect examples will sell for upwards of mil when they come up for auction, which is not that often. The California Spyder version of the GT SWB became the most expensive car ever in May 2008 when it sold for a whopping .9 million to British Radio DJ Chris Evans. 

1963 Ferrari 250 GT Lusso = 4th

1963 Ferrari 250 GT Lusso = 4th

1963 Ferrari 250 GT Lusso = 4th

The Lusso was the final version of the 250 model. It kept some of the aggressive racing lines of the SWB racer (above) yet some of the lines were smoothed out to give a more relaxing look. It was more of a Grand Tourer car, so was less aggressive in the driving too.

Pininfarina helped design this car leaving in the racing pedigree of Ferrari, yet the softer lines added some character to this stunning car. The Lusso pictured above was once owned by car nut Steve McQueen before his death. 

1937 Cord 810/812 = 4th

1937 Cord 810/812 = 4th

1937 Cord 810/812 = 4th

The less well known Cord 810/812 series from the 1930′s. It was way ahead of it’s time with it’s futuristic lines, Miura designer Marcello Gandini saying “it was an impressive design for the 1930s with solutions that would be seen on cars 20 years later.”

Using a V8 in front wheel drive was unheard of in the 30′s, as well as hand cranked pop up head lights and a retractable roof. Sadly only 3000 of the 810 and supercharged 812′s were ever produced. 

1967 Ferrari 275GTB/4 Berlinetta = 2nd

1967 Ferrari 275GTB/4 Berlinetta = 2nd

1967 Ferrari 275GTB/4 Berlinetta = 2nd

Like the 250 GT Lusso, the 275 GTB/4 Berlinetta was a Grand Tourer. Designed to be comfy over long distances, but with serious power and speed if you needed it derived from Ferrari race cars.

Taking it’s most basic lines from the classic 250 GTO, it was obviously aggressive, yet beautiful in it. A technological masterpiece, in a beautiful skin. ”It was a fast as it was beautiful.”

1952 Jaguar XK120 = 2nd

1952 Jaguar XK120 = 2nd

1952 Jaguar XK120 = 2nd

It seems an age away from it’s 10 year younger E Type brother, but the XK120 is simply stunning. Jaguar’s first post war sports car, this captured the hearts of many after many years of depressing war. It had a simply look, yet the lines made for a fun drive.

It was, like all the cars in the list, technogically marvelous, he straight six became a solid engine for Jaguar for years to come. The style of the long bonnet and short rear end also did well for Jaguar (see E Type) and this car set them up nicely for 50 years of amazing cars. 

1968 Citroen DS 1st

1968 Citroen DS 1st

1958 Citroen DS 1st

Are you a little surprised that a Citroen would be number 1? To those who know cars, it won’t have been as the French makers 50′s classic is regarded as one of the finest cars ever made.

“Impossible to imitate,” Giorgetto Giugiaro

“A few people may have thought of all of these beautiful ideas but it was real bravery to implement them in one car,” Marcello Gandini

“I have always considered the fact this car was first drawn in 1955 to be extraordinary.” Peter Stevens

What more do you need to say? These are some of the most regarded car designers of the last 50 years, and they love the Citroen DS. It seems so do Citroen, as in early 2009, they announced the name DS will be revived for a new range. Let’s hope there as beautiful as the original.

When it comes to selling your car, there are several options of listing cars for sale. To gain exposure and increase the chances of selling your car quickly you should list your car in many locations, and not stick to only one form of advertisement. This measure ensures that you reach a wide audience. Here are several steps to listing cars for sale.

First, write a detail oriented description of your car and include as much information as possible on the background of the vehicle. It is not essential that you share all documents with potential buyers, but the information alone will be helpful to many people who are interested in buying a particular model. This information will direct them to the appropriate place and they have the opportunity of posing questions related to this information. Detailed information makes a car listing advertisement seem attractive.

The second step to listing cars for sale is to place a sign indicating that your car is up for sale. If you are continuing to drive the vehicle, then this sign will communicate that your car is for sale to several potential buyers. Place a sign where people can easily spot your car while walking or driving by if the vehicle is stationary. Park the vehicle in a visible place such as on a street corner or where the yard connects to the street.

Another option of listing cars for sale is to print flyers which give information about your car and where potential buyers can come and look at it. Flyers can be distributed at grocery stores, fitness centers, libraries, churches and various other places where crowds gather. Make certain that the flyers contain all relevant information and include a picture of the car as well.

One of the best options to listing cars for sale is to advertise your car online. Several websites allow sellers to list their cars for free. These websites reach a wide online audience that you would not otherwise be able to connect with. Online automotive websites provide clear instructions about listing cars for sale; you have to simply follow these instructions. You can also list your car on social networks such as Twitter and Facebook that draws a large audience of people each day.

List your vehicle in the local newspaper. Use the same detailed advertisement you created earlier by making it more concise and short. Submit your classified advertisement to the Sunday newspaper, as this is the newspaper that attracts a wide audience. Many people who are looking to buy a car go through the car listing advertisements anyway. This is bound to draw several potential buyers to have a look at your car. Many newspapers provide expanded classified advertisements on Sundays. Simply contact the local paper for more details on listing your car.

Tips For Listing Your Car For Sale

Ensure that the information posted in several places is consistent with the main advertisement. If you have parked your vehicle outside, make certain that you have obtained the required permission to do this for a long duration of time. Meet your potential buyers in a neutral location; this is a safety measure you need to practice than inviting an unknown person to your home.

Its human nature to verify stuff before putting money down the table, whether you are buying a household equipment or you are buying a car, its quite imperative that you make a complete check about the stuff that you are buying. This becomes even vital when you are buying used cars in India, the reason behind this is that there are plethora of dealers offering Used cars for sale in India, and the Car Prices can vary significantly from one dealer to other, and everyone want to pay the lowest Car Prices and get the best Used cars for sale in India.

So, considering this I have come up with my own way of finding the best used cars without actually paying heavily for them. I have been an automatic fanatic since my childhood and these shining beauties have always tempted me, I have read a several New Car Reviews and in fact have written and published may of New Car Reviews, so the way that I am describing here is not just a hypothetical approach, there’s a lot of research and experience involved in it.

If you are looking for Used cars for sale in India then the best place to start your hunt is internet, where there are plenty of automotive portals that lists used cars from different makers and of different models. The wide array of used cars listed at such automotive portals can leave anyone stunned and jumping with joy, seeing so many nice car models at such a catchy Car Prices. The best thing about these places is that they even provides New Car Reviews for their readers to help them know everything about the new cars getting launched in Indian auto market.

User looking for Used cars for sale in India and users willing to buy new cars, both are benefited by places like this. The New Car Reviews published at these websites helps the users who wants to buy new cars in coming future, by providing them unbiased reviews of different cars, starting from their performance to their Car Prices etc, you can find out everything by means of these New Car Reviews. Similarly like the New Car Reviews there are reviews for used cars as well and if you think that any used car is good for you, these websites provides the used car reviews as well, just to make you acquainted of the options that you have and which are the model you can put your money on.

So whether you are looking for Used cars for sale in India, or just are browsing Car Prices for the new cars launched in Indian market, these websites will come handy in every possible way. The unbiased care reviews at these websites covers each and every aspect of new and used cars, be it their performance or their feature list, you will come to know every single information about these cars, at these websites. So,  in a way these automotive portals are your guide to getting great cars, whether they are new or used, and I am saying this because of my personal and efficient experience with these websites.

Its human nature to verify stuff before putting money down the table, whether you are buying a household equipment or you are buying a car, its quite imperative that you make a complete check about the stuff that you are buying. This becomes even vital when you are buying used cars in India, the reason behind this is that there are plethora of dealers offering Used cars for sale in India, and the Car Prices can vary significantly from one dealer to other, and everyone want to pay the lowest Car Prices and get the best Used cars for sale in India.

So, considering this I have come up with my own way of finding the best used cars without actually paying heavily for them. I have been an automatic fanatic since my childhood and these shining beauties have always tempted me, I have read a several New Car Reviews and in fact have written and published may of New Car Reviews, so the way that I am describing here is not just a hypothetical approach, there’s a lot of research and experience involved in it.

If you are looking for Used cars for sale in India then the best place to start your hunt is internet, where there are plenty of automotive portals that lists used cars from different makers and of different models. The wide array of used cars listed at such automotive portals can leave anyone stunned and jumping with joy, seeing so many nice car models at such a catchy Car Prices. The best thing about these places is that they even provides New Car Reviews for their readers to help them know everything about the new cars getting launched in Indian auto market.

User looking for Used cars for sale in India and users willing to buy new cars, both are benefited by places like this. The New Car Reviews published at these websites helps the users who wants to buy new cars in coming future, by providing them unbiased reviews of different cars, starting from their performance to their Car Prices etc, you can find out everything by means of these New Car Reviews. Similarly like the New Car Reviews there are reviews for used cars as well and if you think that any used car is good for you, these websites provides the used car reviews as well, just to make you acquainted of the options that you have and which are the model you can put your money on.

So whether you are looking for Used cars for sale in India, or just are browsing Car Prices for the new cars launched in Indian market, these websites will come handy in every possible way. The unbiased care reviews at these websites covers each and every aspect of new and used cars, be it their performance or their feature list, you will come to know every single information about these cars, at these websites. So,  in a way these automotive portals are your guide to getting great cars, whether they are new or used, and I am saying this because of my personal and efficient experience with these websites.

These are exciting days and times for car enthusiasts. Muscle cars and classic cars have been brought out of the non-existent museum of retired classic cars & muscle cars and they have been reborn and given new life.

Vrooom!!

The muscle car is something that is as All-American as All-American gets. These cars hearken back to another era; an era in which Detroit dominated the world auto industry with innovation, style, gusto and raw power. U.S. cars were the envy of the world. Now those muscle cars and classic cars have been given new life. Let’s talk about these cars.

Chevy Camaro. In the house. Can I get a witness? Can I get a woot-woot??!!

As much a star of the blockbuster “Transformer” movie as Megan Fox, this car is smokin hot. Red hot. Even white hot. If looks could kill – our city streets would be a crime scene, because this car has deadly hot looks.

The new model is available in a 2010 Transformers Special Edition which features the word “Transformers” emblazoned on the hood, as well as strategic silver “Transformer” logos in certain key area (sort of a head logo of one of the Transformers).

More info about the all-new 2010 Chevy Camaro and Chevy Camaro Transformers Special Edition can be found at the link below.

Ford Motor Company has also been busy as of late.

How the Capri made it into “classic car” status is unknown, we surely though could call the Capri retired.

It has now been reborn and with fabulous new styling. And what a car it is. The Capri was originally built in Europe and sold in the U.S. This car was sold simply under the name “Capri” and later “Mercury Capri”. The new Ford Capri will have the latest in Ford’s European styling. And this car is now a sports car(!)

There is also exciting news from (ahem) Mercedes-Benz.

Vintage cars have become quite popular in the market and classic old cars for sale signs are ubiquitous all over US now. These cars have classic old looks and they remind you of the good old days. You will not find these themes in newer cars. If you are looking for classic old cars, the Porsche 944 is heavily recommended; it is one of those classic cars which still have those modern looks. The internet has tons of such old cars for sale but you have to dig deeper in your pocket since they are quite costly. You will find that most of these cars are privately owned and hence you will have to offer a really good price to the owners to convince them to let go of their prized possession. There are some people who buy classic cars just as a collection and don’t want to ride them. These cars might not be in working condition but people still collect it to show it off to their friends.

These classic cars will certainly take you back to those vintage years and the automobiles will attract a lot of stares when you are driving it on the streets. The unique design, working process and style is totally different from what we have today. There cannot be a better source than Internet for purchasing classic old cars for sale. The number of e-merchants on the Internet has grown over the years and now one can easily find almost any type of vehicle on the Internet. The best part is that a single vehicle is available at various places so you can check all of them out and choose the best deal amongst them. These cars can also be seen for free, you don’t have to pay any money for them.

There are plenty of classic old cars for sale in the market but it is recommended that you check out the features that it has to offer. A classic car usually lacks in features and you might get a shock of your life if you realize this post purchase. The basic features might not be there either; so don’t go looking for the seat belts if you don’t notice it on the seat at first glance. Also, these classic cars feature all old hardware and hence you will have to get used to the suspension and steering of the vehicle which is quite different as compared to what we have today. Also be wary of the brake of the car.

If you are looking for classic old cars for sale the best ones right now in the market are 1967 Ford Mustang, 1967 Pontiac GTO, 1971 Chevrolet SS Camaro, 1965 Ford F100, 1964 Chevrolet Impala SS, 1190 Mazda RX-7, 1949 Chevrolet pickup, 1966 Imperial Crown convertible, 1955 Oldsmobile 88, 1973 Chevrolet Nova, 1951 Ford F2, 1938 Ford Club coupe 454, 1940 Packard 110 sedan, 1966 Imperial Crown convertible, 1929 Ford Model A Station Wagon, 1957 Chevrolet Belair 2dr post, amongst other popular models. If you are buying these cars from the Internet, make sure that the source is reliable. You are putting a lot of money on the car and hence you have to make sure everything is genuine.

There plenty of classic old cars for sale in the online car classifieds. Transaction is as easy as click of a mouse button. The online representatives then help you find the best car according to your requirements. Buying a used classic car means better profits since you save on plenty of money. You can register on such automotive classifieds online and get easy recognition from dealers, owners, retailers and wholesalers online.

Get more quality information on here from Classic Old Cars for Sale

The online automotive resources have provided great relief to the automotive dealers, retailers, wholesalers, private parties and traders as you can have easy exchange of old muscle cars or antique cars or cheap limos. Over a decade back, it was really difficult to find a resource where you can trade cars online with quick and easy transactions. The professional online automotive agencies have made it possible for you to trade your used cars for sale online without paying any transaction costs. The online automotive resources lets you do unlimited transactions online, only be registering with them absolutely free of cost. You can trade online your old cars for sale or used cars for sale absolutely free of cost.

The different categories in the site allow you to browse each category independently that will benefit you to find just exactly the car you had been looking for. The customized searching options help you search cheap limos or old cars by specifying the color you are looking for in your antique car or any muscle car, you can specify the configuration, the engine type, the year of manufacture and varied other options. Thousands of cars are traded each day online so why not make use of this mega opportunity to get good bargains on used cars for sale. You can just do some many things online by getting into the online automotive business, earn big money by selling cheap limos online and getting greater bargains for yourself to buy the best old cars for sale online. The engineers have properly tested each of the models listed on the site so that you get the best-used classic cars or muscle cars on sale.

Many people dream of having their own limo car, once in lifetime but now you just cannot dream but have a real limo with all the features you ever wanted in your limo car, there are a number of cheap limos listed on the site, you can get good bargains by registering with them. Trade in your old antique cars and get the best car in exchange whether it be a limo or used cars for sale.